Assessment of Lead Exposure Risk in Locksmiths
Abstract
:Introduction
Materials and Methods
Subjects
Blood Lead Measurements
Bone Lead Measurements
Health and Risk Questionnaires
Results
Discussion
Study Number | Bone Lead Measurements | Blood Lead(μg/dL) | Age(years) | Sex | Ethnicity | Years in Profession (years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tibia (μg/g) | Error(±) | Calcaneus(μg/g) | Error(± ) | ||||||
Locksmiths | |||||||||
1 | 18.7 | 9.9 | 22.2 | 10.3 | 3.9 | 31 | M | W | 18 |
2 | 29.3 | 11.6 | 30.7 | 14.6 | 3.9 | 67 | M | AA | 30 |
3 | 23.5 | 8.2 | 45.7 | 9.7 | 3.9 | 59 | M | AA | 28 |
4* | 35 | 9.2 | 26 | 11.3 | 1.3 | 56 | M | H | 38 |
5 | 31.1 | 6.9 | 26.1 | 10.3 | 3.1 | 60 | M | AA | 23 |
6 | 26 | 10 | 40.4 | 13.6 | 2.5 | 45 | M | AA | 20 |
Average | 27.8 | (± 2.3) | 31.9 | (± 3.7) | 3.1 | (± 0.4) | 26 | ||
Controls | |||||||||
1 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 12.5 | 8.6 | 3.2 | 37 | M | W | |
2 | 24.4 | 7.6 | 36.2 | 11.6 | 1.5 | 61 | M | AA | |
3 | 20.3 | 7.3 | 30 | 8.6 | 2.8 | 59 | M | AA | |
4* | 12.8 | 6.3 | 18.3 | 10.1 | 1.6 | 51 | M | H | |
5 | 1.6 | 8.6 | 28 | 9 | 2 | 66 | M | AA | |
6 | 15.3 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 1.9 | 44 | M | AA | |
Average | 13.7 | (± 3.3) | 22.6 | (± 4.1) | 2.2 | (± 0.3) |
Focus | Level | Comments |
---|---|---|
Air | 50 μg per m3 | Permissible exposure limit (PEL): the employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations >50μg per m3 of air averaged over an 8 hour period. |
Air | 30 μg per m3 | Action level: initiate medical surveillance for all employees exposed to levels above 30μg per m3 for more than 30 days per year (regardless of respiratory protection). |
Blood | >=60 μg per dL (2.90μmol per L) or average of last three levels is >=50 μg per dL (2.40μmol per L) | Medical removal from exposure |
Acknowledgements
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Kondrashov, V.; McQuirter, J.L.; Miller, M.; Rothenberg, S.J. Assessment of Lead Exposure Risk in Locksmiths. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2005, 2, 164-169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010164
Kondrashov V, McQuirter JL, Miller M, Rothenberg SJ. Assessment of Lead Exposure Risk in Locksmiths. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2005; 2(1):164-169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010164
Chicago/Turabian StyleKondrashov, Vladislav, Joseph L. McQuirter, Melba Miller, and Stephen J. Rothenberg. 2005. "Assessment of Lead Exposure Risk in Locksmiths" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2, no. 1: 164-169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010164