The Negative Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Febrile Seizure: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Selection
2.2.1. Selection of Cases
2.2.2. Matched Sample Design and Selection of Control Group Cases
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Basic Characteristics and Maternal Background Information
2.3.2. Assessment of Feeding Patterns
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Characteristics of Different Breastfeeding Duration Groups
3.3. FS risk Factors Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Control (without FS) | Case (with FS) | Total | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 110 | 55 | 165 | |
Basic characteristics | ||||
Age | 2.16 ± 1.06 | 2.16 ± 1.06 | 2.16 ± 1.06 | 1.000 |
Gender | 1.000 | |||
Girls | 44(40.0%) | 22(40.0%) | 66(40.0%) | |
Boys | 66(60.0%) | 33(60.0%) | 99(60.0%) | |
Birth weight (g) | 3112.77 ± 391.54 | 3013.22 ± 473.90 | 3079.99 ± 421.59 | 0.156 |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) | 3(2.7%) | 9(16.4%) | 12(7.3%) | 0.003 * |
Maternal background information | ||||
Gestational age | 38.89 ± 1.03 | 38.26 ± 1.33 | 38.69 ± 1.17 | 0.001 * |
Mode of delivery | 0.335 | |||
NSD | 80(72.7%) | 36(65.5%) | 116(70.3%) | |
CS | 30(27.3%) | 19(34.5%) | 49(29.7%) | |
Maternal age | 30.72 ± 4.64 | 29.76 ± 5.58 | 30.4 ± 4.97 | 0.247 |
Complications at pregnancy (%) n = 160 | 0(0.0%) | 5(10.0%) | 5(3.1%) | 0.003 * |
Gestational bleeding (%) n = 164 | 0(0.0%) | 5(9.3%) | 5(3.0%) | 0.003 * |
Preeclampsia (%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1.000 |
DM (% ) | 1(0.9%) | 2(3.6%) | 3(1.8%) | 0.258 |
Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 1(0.9%) | 3(5.5%) | 4(2.4%) | 0.108 |
Alcohol intake during pregnancy (%) | 2(1.8%) | 6(10.9%) | 8(4.8%) | 0.017 * |
Anticonvulsant use during pregnancy (%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.8%) | 1(0.6%) | 0.333 |
Maternal history of epilepsy (%) | 0(0.0%) | 3(5.5%) | 3(1.8%) | 0.036 * |
Family history of FS (%) | 5(4.5%) | 11(20.0%) | 16(9.7%) | 0.002 * |
Breastfeeding details | ||||
Feeding patterns | 0.017 * | |||
No Breastfeeding | 32(29.1%) | 6(10.9%) | 38(23.0%) | |
<1 month | 1(0.9%) | 7(12.7%) | 8(4.8%) | |
1–2 month | 11(10.0%) | 7(12.7%) | 18(10.9%) | |
3–4 month | 16(14.5%) | 3(5.5%) | 19(11.5%) | |
5–6 month | 6(5.5%) | 3(5.5%) | 9(5.5%) | |
7–<12 month | 25(22.7%) | 7(12.7%) | 32(19.4%) | |
12 month | 9(8.2%) | 4(7.3%) | 13(7.9%) | |
>12 month | 10(9.1%) | 18(32.7%) | 28(17.0%) | |
Duration | 5.40 ± 7.17 | 10.86 ± 11.82 | 7.22 ± 9.32 | <0.001 * |
Item | BF < 1 M (Group 1) | BF 1–6 M (Group 2) | BF > 6 M (Group 3) | Total | p Value | Post-Hoc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 46 | 46 | 73 | 165 | ||
Basic characteristics | ||||||
Age | 2.04 ± 0.91 | 2.26 ± 1.02 | 2.18 ± 1.16 | 2.16 ± 1.06 | 0.610 | |
FS (%) | 13(28.3%) | 13(28.3%) | 29(39.7%) | 55(33.3%) | 0.300 | |
Gender | 0.004 * | 1 < 2, 3 < 2 | ||||
Girls | 21(45.7%) | 9(19.6%) | 36(49.3%) | 66(40.0%) | ||
Boys | 25(54.3%) | 37(80.4%) | 37(50.7%) | 99(60.0%) | ||
Birth weight (g) | 3070.60 ± 388.58 | 3067.59 ± 309.68 | 3093.6 ± 499.83 | 3079.99 ± 421.59 | 0.934 | |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) | 4(8.7%) | 2(4.3%) | 6(8.2%) | 12(7.3%) | 0.747 | |
Maternal background information | ||||||
Gestational age | 38.76 ± 1.17 | 38.57 ± 1.09 | 38.72 ± 1.22 | 38.69 ± 1.17 | 0.700 | |
Mode of delivery | 0.278 | |||||
NSD | 36(78.3%) | 29(63.0%) | 51(69.9%) | 116(70.3%) | ||
CS | 10(21.7%) | 17(37.0%) | 22(30.1%) | 49(29.7%) | ||
Maternal age | 31.43 ± 4.40 | 30.07 ± 4.80 | 29.96 ± 5.37 | 30.40 ± 4.97 | 0.252 | |
Multiple birth (%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(2.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(0.6%) | 0.558 | |
Complications at pregnancy (%) n = 160 | 1(2.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 4(5.7%) | 5(3.1%) | 0.278 | |
Gestational bleeding (%) n = 164 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 5(6.8%) | 5(3.0%) | 0.075 | |
Preeclampsia (%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1.000 | |
DM (%) | 2(4.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.4%) | 3(1.8%) | 0.461 | |
Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 2(4.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 2(2.7%) | 4(2.4%) | 0.388 | |
Alcohol intake during pregnancy (%) | 3(6.5%) | 1(2.2%) | 4(5.5%) | 8(4.8%) | 0.728 | |
Anticonvulsant use during pregnancy (%) | 1(2.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(0.6%) | 0.558 | |
Maternal history of epilepsy (%) | 2(4.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(1.4%) | 3(1.8%) | 0.461 | |
Family history of FS (%) | 4(8.7%) | 2(4.3%) | 10(13.7%) | 16(9.7%) | 0.260 | |
Breastfeeding details | ||||||
Duration | 0.06 ± 0.18 | 2.41 ± 1.42 | 14.75 ± 9.57 | 7.22 ± 9.32 | <0.001 * | 1 < 2 < 3 |
Characteristic | Crude | Adjusted | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Maternal age | 0.96 | (0.90, 1.03) | 0.236 | 0.99 | (0.90, 1.09) | 0.841 |
Gestational age | 0.64 | (0.47, 0.87) | 0.004 * | 0.73 | (0.50, 1.06) | 0.096 |
Diabetes mellitus (Yes vs. No) | 4.00 | (0.36, 44.11) | 0.258 | 1.58 | (0.10, 25.02) | 0.745 |
Smoking during pregnancy (Yes vs. No) | 6.00 | (0.62, 57.68) | 0.121 | 1.25 | (0.02, 68.54) | 0.914 |
Alcohol intake during pregnancy (Yes vs. No) | 5.99 | (1.21, 29.73) | 0.028 * | 15.12 | (0.84, 273.60) | 0.066 |
Family history of FS (Yes vs. No) | 5.16 | (1.63, 16.31) | 0.005 * | 3.08 | (0.73, 12.94) | 0.124 |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (Yes vs. No) | 8.29 | (1.78, 38.69) | 0.007 * | 3.63 | (0.65, 20.21) | 0.142 |
Breast feeding duration | 1.06 | (1.02, 1.10) | 0.001 * | 1.06 | (1.01, 1.11) | 0.028 * |
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Chen, H.-Y.; Chang, Y.-H.; Ding, D.-C. The Negative Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Febrile Seizure: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095495
Chen H-Y, Chang Y-H, Ding D-C. The Negative Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Febrile Seizure: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095495
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Hsi-Yu, Yu-Hsun Chang, and Dah-Ching Ding. 2022. "The Negative Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Infant Febrile Seizure: A Retrospective Case-Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095495