Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Design
3.2. Dependent Variable
3.3. Independent Variable
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|
Litter Baskets | 11.2 | 13.9 | 0.0 | 117.0 |
Median Household Income | 67,291.9 | 33,041.5 | 9939.0 | 250,001.0 |
Population | 4012.0 | 2181.3 | 36.0 | 28,272.0 |
Commuter Population | 3649.0 | 4455.2 | 78.0 | 52,767.0 |
ICE ** | 0.1 | 0.7 | −1.0 | 1.0 |
Dissimilarity Index | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
% Retail | 0.4 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 96.8 |
% Industrial | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 69.4 |
% Green space | 4.1 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
Variable | Model 1 1 | Model 2 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRR | 95% CI | PRR | 95% CI | |||
Median Household Income | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 1.03 |
ICE * | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 1.03 |
Dissimilarity Index | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.09 |
Population | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 |
Commuter Population | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.22 |
% Retail | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.06 |
% Industrial | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.93 |
% Green space | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.83 |
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Sprague, N.L.; Gobaud, A.N.; Mehranbod, C.A.; Morrison, C.N.; Branas, C.C.; Jacobowitz, A.L. Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095107
Sprague NL, Gobaud AN, Mehranbod CA, Morrison CN, Branas CC, Jacobowitz AL. Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095107
Chicago/Turabian StyleSprague, Nadav L., Ariana N. Gobaud, Christina A. Mehranbod, Christopher N. Morrison, Charles C. Branas, and Ahuva L. Jacobowitz. 2022. "Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095107
APA StyleSprague, N. L., Gobaud, A. N., Mehranbod, C. A., Morrison, C. N., Branas, C. C., & Jacobowitz, A. L. (2022). Overflowing Disparities: Examining the Availability of Litter Bins in New York City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5107. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095107