Clinical Presentation and Mortality of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan: A Systematic Review of Case Reports
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Series
2.2. Systematic Review
- Hokkaido.
- Tohoku: “Aomori”, “Iwate”, “Miyagi”, “Akita”, “Yamagata”, “Fukushima”.
- Kanto: “Ibaraki”, “Tochigi”, “Gunma”, “Saitama”, “Chiba”, “Tokyo”, “Kanagawa”.
- Chubu: “Niigata”, “Toyama”, “Ishikawa”, “Fukui”, “Yamanashi”, “Nagano”, “Gifu”, “Shizuoka”, “Aichi”.
- Kinki: “Mie”, “Shiga”, “Kyoto”, “Osaka”, “Hyogo”, “Nara”, “Wakayama”.
- Chugoku: “Tottori”, “Shimane”, “Okayama”, “Hiroshima”, “Yamaguchi”.
- Shikoku: “Tokushima”, “Kagawa”, “Ehime”, “Kochi”.
- Kyushu: “Fukuoka”, “Saga”, “Nagasaki”, “Kumamoto”, “Oita”, “Miyazaki”, “Kagoshima”, “Okinawa”.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Case Series
3.1.1. Case 1 (80-Year-Old Female)
3.1.2. Case 2 (88-Year-Old Female)
3.1.3. Case 3 (83-Year-Old Female)
3.2. Systematic Review
3.2.1. Data Collection Results
3.2.2. Demographic Data
3.2.3. Number of Cases According to Year of Reporting
3.2.4. Number of Cases According to Region
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Xu, B.; Liu, L.; Huang, X.; Ma, H.; Zhang, Y.; Du, Y.; Wang, P.; Tang, X.; Wang, H.; Kang, K.; et al. Metagenomic Analysis of fever, Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: Discovery of a new bunyavirus. PLOS Pathog. 2011, 7, e1002369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, X.J.; Liang, M.F.; Zhang, S.Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.D.; Sun, Y.L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Q.F.; Popov, V.L.; Li, C.; et al. Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011, 364, 1523–1532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kim, K.H.; Yi, J.; Kim, G.; Choi, S.J.; Jun, K.I.; Kim, N.H.; Choe, P.G.; Kim, N.J.; Lee, J.K.; Oh, M.D. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, South Korea, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2013, 19, 1892–1894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takahashi, T.; Maeda, K.; Suzuki, T.; Ishido, A.; Shigeoka, T.; Tominaga, T.; Kamei, T.; Honda, M.; Ninomiya, D.; Sakai, T.; et al. The first identification and retrospective study of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan. J. Infect. Dis. 2014, 209, 816–827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yun, S.M.; Park, S.J.; Park, S.W.; Choi, W.; Jeong, H.W.; Choi, Y.K.; Lee, W.J. Molecular genomic characterization of tick- and Human-Derived severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus isolates from South Korea. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2017, 11, e0005893. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhan, J.; Wang, Q.; Cheng, J.; Hu, B.; Li, J.; Zhan, F.; Song, Y.; Guo, D. Current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China. Virol. Sin. 2017, 32, 51–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kato, H.; Yamagishi, T.; Shimada, T.; Matsui, T.; Shimojima, M.; Saijo, M.; Oishi, K.; SFTS Epidemiological Research Group-Japan. Epidemiological and clinical features of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan, 2013–2014. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0165207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kobayashi, Y.; Kato, H.; Yamagishi, T.; Shimada, T.; Matsui, T.; Yoshikawa, T.; Kurosu, T.; Shimojima, M.; Morikawa, S.; Hasegawa, H.; et al. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Japan, 2013–2017. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2020, 26, 692–699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, H.; Lu, Q.B.; Xing, B.; Zhang, S.F.; Liu, K.; Du, J.; Li, X.K.; Cui, N.; Yang, Z.D.; Wang, L.Y.; et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of Laboratory-Diagnosed severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China, 2011–2017: A prospective observational study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2018, 18, 1127–1137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kimura, T.; Fukuma, A.; Shimojima, M.; Yamashita, Y.; Mizota, F.; Yamashita, M.; Otsuka, Y.; Kan, M.; Fukushi, S.; Tani, H.; et al. Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus antibodies in humans and animals in ehime prefecture, Japan, an endemic region of SFTS. J. Infect. Chemother. 2018, 24, 802–806. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yamaji, K.; Aonuma, H.; Kanuka, H. Distribution of Tick-Borne diseases in Japan: Past patterns and implications for the future. J. Infect. Chemother. 2018, 24, 499–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kwon, J.S.; Jin, S.; Kim, J.Y.; Ra, S.H.; Kim, T.; Park, S.Y.; Kim, M.C.; Park, S.Y.; Kim, D.; Cha, H.H.; et al. Viral and Immunologic factors associated with fatal outcome of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Korea. Viruses 2021, 13, 2351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Seo, M.G.; Noh, B.E.; Lee, H.S.; Kim, T.K.; Song, B.G.; Lee, H.I. Nationwide temporal and geographical distribution of tick populations and phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks in Korea, 2020. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shimada, T.; Saijo, M.; Oishi, K. Epidemiology of SFTS in Japan. In Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Saijo, M., Ed.; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 103–108. [Google Scholar]
- Matsuu, A.; Momoi, Y.; Nishiguchi, A.; Noguchi, K.; Yabuki, M.; Hamakubo, E.; Take, M.; Maeda, K. Natural severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in domestic cats in Japan. Vet. Microbiol. 2019, 236, 108346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Matsuu, A.; Hamakubo, E.; Yabuki, M. Seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in animals in kagoshima prefecture, Japan, and development of gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation system to detect specific IgG antibodies. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021, 12, 101771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seo, J.W.; Kim, D.; Yun, N.; Kim, D.M. Clinical update of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Viruses 2021, 13, 1213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohta, R.; Moriwaki, Y.; Otani, J.; Hattori, S. First case of japanese spotted fever in unnan city, shimane prefecture: How the disease spread here. J. Jpn. Assoc. Rural Med. 2017, 65, 1019–1022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Uchida, L.; Hayasaka, D.; Ngwe Tun, M.M.; Morita, K.; Muramatsu, Y.; Hagiwara, K. Survey of Tick-Borne zoonotic viruses in wild deer in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2018, 80, 985–988. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Okada, A.; Hotta, A.; Kimura, M.; Park, E.S.; Morikawa, S.; Inoshima, Y. A retrospective survey of the seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild animals in Japan. Vet. Med. Sci. 2021, 7, 600–605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ando, T.; Nabeshima, T.; Inoue, S.; Tun, M.M.N.; Obata, M.; Hu, W.; Shimoda, H.; Kurihara, S.; Izumikawa, K.; Morita, K.; et al. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in cats and its prevalence among veterinarian staff members in Nagasaki, Japan. Viruses 2021, 13, 1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iwao, K.; Kawaguchi, T.; Kimura, M.; Iwao, C.; Rikitake, M.; Aizawa, A.; Kariya, Y.; Matsuda, M.; Miyauchi, S.; Takajo, I.; et al. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome accompanied by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: An autopsy case. Viruses 2021, 13, 1086. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kanda, K.; Kinoshita, N.; Kutsuna, S.; Nakamura, K.; Okuhama, A.; Shimomura, A.; Inagaki, T.; Yoshikawa, T.; Kurosu, T.; Shimojima, M.; et al. Residual and late onset symptoms appeared in a patient with severe fever with thrombocytopenia in a convalescence stage. Viruses 2021, 13, 657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guo, C.T.; Lu, Q.B.; Ding, S.J.; Hu, C.Y.; Hu, J.G.; Wo, Y.; Fan, Y.D.; Wang, X.J.; Qin, S.L.; Cui, N.; et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China: An integrated data analysis. Epidemiol. Infect. 2016, 144, 1345–1354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Saito, T.; Fukushima, K.; Umeki, K.; Nakajima, K. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan and public health communication. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015, 21, 487–489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wu, Y.; Fu, G.; Guo, S.; Ye, L.; Hou, J.; Wang, J.; Gong, Z. The effects of health education and promotion with regard to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Rural Residents: A pilot study in China. BioSci. Trends 2018, 11, 697–701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Choi, S.J.; Park, S.W.; Bae, I.G.; Kim, S.H.; Ryu, S.Y.; Kim, H.A.; Jang, H.C.; Hur, J.; Jun, J.B.; Jung, Y.; et al. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in South Korea, 2013–2015. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2016, 10, e0005264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shimazu, Y.; Saito, Y.; Kobayashi, K.I.; Kubo, K.; Nohgawa, M. Non-Severe form of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Ann. Hematol. 2018, 97, 735–736. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yasukawa, M.; Azuma, T. Clinical aspects of SFTS. In Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Saijo, M., Ed.; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 121–136. [Google Scholar]
- Ding, F.; Guan, X.H.; Kang, K.; Ding, S.J.; Huang, L.Y.; Xing, X.S.; Sha, S.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.J.; Zhang, X.M.; et al. Risk factors for Bunyavirus-Associated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, China. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2014, 8, e3267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Li, K.; Li, P.; Sun, J.; Ye, L.; Dai, Y.; Tang, A.; Jiang, J.; Chen, C.; Tong, Z.; et al. Community-Based comprehensive measures to prevent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, China. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2018, 73, 63–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Factor | Total | Dead | Alive | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 174 | 61 (35.06) | 113 (64.94) | |
Age (SD) | 70.69 (14.04) | 75.92 (11.06) | 67.87 (14.78) | <0.001 |
Male sex (%) | 94 (54.0) | 31 (50.8) | 63 (55.8) | 0.748 |
Time from symptom onset to hospital admission (SD) | 4.71 (2.42) | 3.97 (1.94) | 5.10 (2.57) | 0.034 |
Symptoms | ||||
Cytopenia (%) | 161 (92.5) | 52 (85.2) | 109 (96.5) | 0.013 |
Gastrointestinal (%) | 106 (60.9) | 37 (60.7) | 69 (61.1) | 1 |
Hemorrhage (%) | 49 (28.2) | 26 (42.6) | 23 (20.4) | 0.001 |
Neurological (%) | 113 (64.9) | 59 (96.7) | 54 (47.8) | <0.001 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Hemoglobin (SD) | 14.23 (1.51) | 14.25 (1.43) | 14.22 (1.63) | 0.955 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (IQR) | 227(23, 4500) | 271 (27, 1845) | 207(23, 4500) | 0.129 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (IQR) | 606(213, 9700) | 606 (218, 6785) | 577 (213, 9700) | 0.738 |
Platelets (IQR) | 6.35 (1.80, 15.70) | 6.75 (2.70, 15.70) | 5.20 (1.80, 14.20) | 0.068 |
White blood cells (IQR) | 1600 (560, 7810) | 1730 (600, 7810) | 1560 (560, 5300) | 0.405 |
Neutrophil/white blood cell ratio (SD) | 60.52 (21.34) | 60.02 (28.15) | 60.81 (16.86) | 0.918 |
Total | Alive | Dead | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 174 | 113 | 61 | |
Fever (%) | 125 (71.8) | 83 (73.5) | 42 (68.9) | 0.597 |
Malaise (%) | 53 (30.5) | 41 (36.3) | 12 (19.7) | 0.025 |
Diarrhea (%) | 39 (22.4) | 25 (22.1) | 14 (23.0) | 1 |
Appetite loss (%) | 35 (20.1) | 22 (19.5) | 13 (21.3) | 0.844 |
Nausea, vomiting (%) | 23 (13.2) | 13 (11.5) | 10 (16.4) | 0.36 |
Pain, including muscle, joint, and lower back pain (%) | 19 (10.9) | 16 (14.2) | 3 (4.9) | 0.076 |
Disturbance of consciousness (%) | 16 (9.2) | 8 (7.1) | 8 (13.1) | 0.27 |
Difficulty in moving/walking (%) | 11 (6.3) | 7 (6.2) | 4 (6.6) | 1 |
Abdominal pain (%) | 11 (6.3) | 10 (8.8) | 1 (1.6) | 0.099 |
Staggering, weakness (%) | 10 (5.7) | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.6) | 0.742 |
Chills (%) | 10 (5.7) | 6 (5.3) | 4 (6.6) | 0.742 |
Headache (%) | 10 (5.7) | 9 (8.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.168 |
Lymphadenopathy (%) | 7 (4.0) | 5 (4.4) | 2 (3.3) | 1 |
Skin rash (%) | 6 (3.4) | 1 (0.9) | 5 (8.2) | 0.021 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms (not specified) (%) | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.6) | 1 |
Other (%) | 11 (6.3) | 8 (7.1) | 3 (4.9) | 0.749 |
Total | Alive | Dead | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 174 | 113 | 61 | |
Adrenocorticosteroids (%) | 72 (41.4) | 44 (38.9) | 28 (45.9) | 0.421 |
Antibiotics (%) | 68 (39.1) | 40 (35.4) | 28 (45.9) | 0.195 |
Conservative treatment, including fluid transfusion (%) | 32 (18.4) | 26 (23.0) | 6 (9.8) | 0.04 |
Dialysis, plasma exchange (%) | 24 (13.8) | 13 (11.5) | 11 (18.0) | 0.255 |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation therapy (%) | 18 (10.3) | 10 (8.8) | 8 (13.1) | 0.437 |
Blood transfusion (%) | 18 (10.3) | 13 (11.5) | 5 (8.2) | 0.607 |
Antiviral drugs (%) | 13 (7.5) | 12 (10.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0.035 |
Immunoglobulins (%) | 12 (6.9) | 4 (3.5) | 8 (13.1) | 0.026 |
Respiratory management, including endotracheal intubation (%) | 11 (6.3) | 4 (3.5) | 7 (11.5) | 0.052 |
Antifungal drugs (%) | 11 (6.3) | 7 (6.2) | 4 (6.6) | 1 |
Colony-stimulating factor (%) | 5 (2.9) | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.164 |
Immunosuppressive agents (%) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.6) | 0.014 |
No treatment, follow-up observation (%) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.553 |
Other (%) | 8 (4.6) | 3 (2.7) | 5 (8.2) | 0.13 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Yokomizo, K.; Tomozane, M.; Sano, C.; Ohta, R. Clinical Presentation and Mortality of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042271
Yokomizo K, Tomozane M, Sano C, Ohta R. Clinical Presentation and Mortality of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042271
Chicago/Turabian StyleYokomizo, Kanako, Momoko Tomozane, Chiaki Sano, and Ryuichi Ohta. 2022. "Clinical Presentation and Mortality of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan: A Systematic Review of Case Reports" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042271
APA StyleYokomizo, K., Tomozane, M., Sano, C., & Ohta, R. (2022). Clinical Presentation and Mortality of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042271