High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Child’s Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Paternal Business | 6 Months | 1 Year | 2 Years | 3 Years |
Category, no. (adjusted percentage) | ||||
Management | 38/1831 (2.0) | 92/1785 (5.1) | 175/1695 (10.4) | 208/1625 (12.5) |
Qualified professionals, engineers, teachers, and artists | 270/13,322 (1.9) | 657/12,934 (5.0) | 1219/12,310 (9.8) | 1517/11,838 (12.9) |
Desk work | 61/4186 (1.4) | 187/4085 (4.6) | 366/3889 (9.6) | 449/3759 (12.7) |
Selling | 89/4671 (1.9) | 212/4503 (4.7) | 387/4269 (9.0) | 500/4076 (12.2) |
Service | 88/4607 (1.9) | 231/4409 (5.3) | 422/4141 (10.1) | 525/3966 (13.1) |
Security service | 35/1862 (1.8) | 93/1792 (5.2) | 158/1722 (9.2) | 198/1668 (12.0) |
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries | 16/703 (2.5) | 41/666 (6.6) | 71/629 (12.0) | 86/586 (15.4) |
Production | 96/5726 (1.8) | 246/5535 (4.5) | 453/5251 (8.6) * | 574/5014 (11.3) * |
Transportation driver | 25/1767 (1.6) | 79/1701 (4.8) | 153/1596 (9.6) | 193/1525 (12.6) |
Construction | 41/2794 (1.7) | 117/2657 (4.5) | 235/2462 (9.5) | 295/2335 (12.5) |
Total, no. (crude calculation) | 759/41,469 (1.8) | 1955/40,067 (4.9) | 3639/37,964 (9.6) | 4545/36,392 (12.5) |
Subcategory, no. (adjusted percentage) | ||||
Agriculture | 11/437 (2.4) | 24/418 (5.9) | 44/396 (10.8) | 53/371 (13.3) |
Forestry | 3/95 (3.3) | 6/88 (6.7) | 13/84 (15.8) | 17/71 (25.0) * |
Fisheries | 2/171 (1.3) | 11/160 (6.5) | 14/149 (9.8) | 16/144 (12.6) |
Child’s Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Family Business | 6 Months | 1 Year | 2 Years | 3 Years |
Category, no. (adjusted percentage) | ||||
Management | 38/1831 (2.0) | 78/1785 (4.4) | 98/1725 (5.7) | 110/1668 (6.7) |
Qualified professionals, engineers, teachers, and artists | 270/13,322 (1.9) | 557/12,923 (4.2) | 705/12,459 (5.6) | 879/12,073 (7.3) |
Desk work | 61/4186 (1.4) | 163/4084 (4.0) | 226/3938 (5.9) | 258/3817 (7.0) |
Selling | 89/4671 (1.9) | 176/4499 (3.9) | 224/4331 (5.1) | 286/4158 (6.8) |
Service | 88/4607 (1.9) | 192/4407 (4.4) | 269/4211 (6.4) | 308/4068 (7.5) |
Security service | 35/1862 (1.8) | 79/1791 (4.4) | 87/1749 (5.0) * | 110/1697 (6.6) |
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries | 16/703 (2.5) | 37/665 (6.0) | 38/646 (6.4) | 47/609 (8.2) |
Production | 96/5726 (1.8) | 222/5534 (4.0) | 267/5326 (5.0) | 340/5119 (6.6) |
Transportation driver | 25/1767 (1.6) | 67/1701 (4.0) | 92/1618 (5.7) | 117/1551 (7.5) |
Construction | 41/2794 (1.7) | 100/2656 (3.8) | 138/2533 (5.4) | 174/2423 (7.1) |
Total, no. (crude calculation) | 759/41,469 (1.8) | 1671/40,045 (4.2) | 2144/38,536 (5.6) | 2629/37,183 (7.1) |
Subcategory, no. (adjusted percentage) | ||||
Agriculture | 11/437 (2.4) | 21/417 (5.1) | 29/407 (6.9) | 29/386 (6.6) |
Forestry | 3/95 (3.3) | 5/88 (5.7) | 3/86 (3.8) | 9/73 (13.4) |
Fisheries | 2/171 (1.3) | 11/160 (6.6) | 6/153 (4.2) | 9/150 (7.5) |
Family Business | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
---|---|
Category | |
Management | 0.84 (0.65, 1.08) |
Qualified professionals, engineers, teachers, and artists | 0.83 (0.66, 1.03) |
Desk work | 0.79 (0.62, 0.99) |
Selling | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) |
Service | 0.84 (0.67, 1.05) |
Security service | 0.78 (0.61, 1.01) |
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries | Reference |
Production | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) |
Transportation driver | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) |
Construction | 0.80 (0.63, 1.02) |
Subcategory | |
Agriculture | Reference |
Forestry | 1.73 (0.98, 3.05) |
Fisheries | 0.93 (0.52, 1.58) |
Child’s Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Family Business | 6 Months | 1 Year | 2 Years | 3 Years |
Category | ||||
Management | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.79 |
Qualified professionals, engineers, teachers, and artists | 0.74 | 0.68 * | 0.86 | 0.87 |
Desk work | 0.54 * | 0.64 * | 0.9 | 0.83 |
Selling | 0.72 | 0.62 * | 0.79 | 0.81 |
Service | 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.99 | 0.90 |
Security service | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.77 |
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Production | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.78 |
Transportation driver | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.87 | 0.90 |
Construction | 0.63 | 0.61 * | 0.83 | 0.85 |
Subcategory | ||||
Agriculture | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Forestry | 1.40 | 1.19 | 0.52 | 2.33 * |
Fisheries | 0.50 | 1.32 | 0.59 | 1.13 |
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Yokomichi, H.; Mochizuki, M.; Kojima, R.; Horiuchi, S.; Ooka, T.; Akiyama, Y.; Miyake, K.; Kushima, M.; Otawa, S.; Shinohara, R.; et al. High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031761
Yokomichi H, Mochizuki M, Kojima R, Horiuchi S, Ooka T, Akiyama Y, Miyake K, Kushima M, Otawa S, Shinohara R, et al. High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031761
Chicago/Turabian StyleYokomichi, Hiroshi, Mie Mochizuki, Reiji Kojima, Sayaka Horiuchi, Tadao Ooka, Yuka Akiyama, Kunio Miyake, Megumi Kushima, Sanae Otawa, Ryoji Shinohara, and et al. 2022. "High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031761
APA StyleYokomichi, H., Mochizuki, M., Kojima, R., Horiuchi, S., Ooka, T., Akiyama, Y., Miyake, K., Kushima, M., Otawa, S., Shinohara, R., Yamagata, Z., & on behalf of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group. (2022). High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031761