Anaerobic Speed Reserve, Sprint Force–Velocity Profile, Kinematic Characteristics, and Jump Ability among Elite Male Speed- and Endurance-Adapted Milers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Testing Session 1
2.4. Testing Session 2
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Competitive Level | Greatest Competition in Which Athletes Participated | Other Relevant Information | World Athletics Scores | SB (min:s.cs) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
World (n = 2) European (n = 11) National (n = 2) | Olympic Games European Championships National Championships | 2 x national record holders 3 European medalists 2 x World Championship finalists 7 national champions | 800 m (n = 7): 987.4 ± 120.1 1500 m (n = 15): 1011.6 ± 86.0 3000 m (n = 5): 974.0 ± 168.2 | 800 m (n = 7): 1:51.24 ± 4.29 1500 m (n = 15): 3:47.44 ± 6.8 3000 m (n = 5): 8:32.45 ± 27.5 |
SAM Athletes (n = 7) | EAM Athletes (n = 8) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | ± | SD | Mean | ± | SD | |||
Aerobic–anaerobic | MSS (km/h) | 33.02 | ± | 1.19 | 30.66 **d | ± | 1.18 | |
vVO2max | 21.90 | ± | 0.59 | 21.96 | ± | 0.98 | ||
ASR (km/h) | 11.12 | ± | 0.98 | 8.71 **d | ± | 1.48 | ||
SRR | 1.51 | ± | 0.05 | 1.40 **b | ± | 0.08 | ||
Maximal jump | CMJ (cm) | 39.64 | ± | 6.51 | 34.49 | ± | 6.31 | |
SLJ (m) | 2.40 | ± | 0.19 | 2.16 *b | ± | 0.14 | ||
100 m sprint | Stride pattern (mechanical variables) | CT (s) | 0.110 | ± | 0.008 | 0.118 | ± | 0.009 |
FT (s) | 0.133 | ± | 0.011 | 0.133 | ± | 0.008 | ||
ST (s) | 0.243 | ± | 0.013 | 0.251 | ± | 0.008 | ||
SL (m) | 2.103 | ± | 0.125 | 2.083 | ± | 0.126 | ||
SF (m) | 4.126 | ± | 0.221 | 3.983 | ± | 0.134 | ||
SV (m/s) | 8.663 | ± | 0.573 | 8.260 | ± | 0.452 | ||
Time 100 m | 21_30 m (s) | 0.98 | ± | 0.04 | 1.03 *a | ± | 0.04 | |
30 m (s) | 4.22 | ± | 0.12 | 4.50 **b | ± | 0.15 | ||
60 m (s) | 7.44 | ± | 0.24 | 7.84 *b | ± | 0.27 | ||
80 m (s) | 9.62 | ± | 0.34 | 10.20 **c | ± | 0.33 | ||
100 m (s) | 11.84 | ± | 0.45 | 12.61 **c | ± | 0.43 | ||
Stiffness | Fmax (BW) | 3.48 | ± | 0.18 | 3.25 | ± | 0.30 | |
Kvert (kN/m) | 79.58 | ± | 11.21 | 67.57 *d | ± | 7.20 | ||
Kleg (kN/m) | 14.20 | ± | 1.65 | 12.32 | ± | 2.14 | ||
40 m sprint (F-V profile) | Physical qualities during acceleration | V0 (m/s) | 9.68 | ± | 0.34 | 8.95 **c | ± | 0.34 |
F0 (N/kg) | 7.18 | ± | 0.34 | 6.58 *c | ± | 0.57 | ||
Pmax (W/kg) | 17.24 | ± | 1.30 | 14.62 **d | ± | 1.57 | ||
FV-profile | −47.10 | ± | 4.38 | −46.13 | ± | 3.67 | ||
Mechanical effectiveness | RF_10m | 0.336 | ± | 0.015 | 0.304 **a | ± | 0.018 | |
RF_peak | 0.500 | ± | 0.020 | 0.466 *a | ± | 0.029 | ||
DRF | −0.066 | ± | 0.003 | −0.066 | ± | 0.005 |
MSS | ASR | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | (95%CI) | r | (95%CI) | |||
Running performance (SB) | 800 m | –0.86 * | (–0.23, –1.0) | –0.62 | (–0.66, 1.0) | |
1500 m | –0.05 | (–0.58, 0.53) | 0.33 | (–0.26, 0.76) | ||
Maximal jump | CMJ (cm) | 0.64 * | (0.23, 0.88) | 0.70 * | (0.36, 0.90) | |
SLJ (m) | 0.76 ** | (0.49, 0.94) | 0.80 ** | (0.60, 0.93) | ||
100 m sprint | Step (maximal sprint speed) | CT (s) | –0.58 * | (0.04, 0.81) | –0.42 | (–0.77, 0.13) |
FT (s) | –0.34 | (–0.82, 0.39) | –0.35 | (–0.78, 0.35) | ||
ST (s) | –0.72 ** | (–0.31, –0.94) | –0.61 * | (–0.12, –0.92) | ||
SL (m) | 0.17 | (–0.42, 0.73) | 0.0 | (–0.55, 0.61) | ||
SF (m) | 0.73 ** | (0.32, 0.94) | 0.61 * | (0.13, 0.93) | ||
SV (m/s) | 0.70 ** | (0.29, 0.91) | 0.48 | (0.08, 0.82) | ||
Time 100 m | 21_30 m (s) | –0.85 *** | (–0.59, –0.96) | –0.70 ** | (–0.42, –0.88) | |
30 m (s) | –0.93 *** | (–0.84, –0.98) | –0.93 *** | (–0.82, –0.98) | ||
60 m (s) | –0.91 *** | (–0.78, –0.97) | –0.88 *** | (–0.72, –0.97) | ||
80 m (s) | –0.96 *** | (–0.91, –0.99) | –0.90 *** | (–0.76, –0.95) | ||
100 m (s) | –0.94 *** | (–0.87, –0.99) | –0.82 *** | (–0.69, –0.93) | ||
Stiffness | Fmax (BW) | 0.42 | (–0.20, 0.77) | 0.31 | (–0.33, 0.72) | |
Kvert (kN/m) | 0.86 *** | (0.65, 0.96) | 0.72 ** | (0.49, 0.88) | ||
Kleg (kN/m) | 0.51 | (0.10, 0.76) | 0.47 | (–0.04, 0.77) | ||
40 m sprint (F-V profile) | Physical qualities during acceleration | V0 (m/s) | 1.00 *** | (0.99, 1.0) | 0.91 *** | (0.84, 0.97) |
F0 (N/kg) | 0.66 * | (0.34, 0.94) | 0.75 ** | (0.42, 0.95) | ||
Pmax (W/kg) | 0.88 *** | (0.74, 0.97) | 0.90 *** | (0.75, 0.98) | ||
FV-profile | –0.22 | (–0.79, 0.37) | –0.34 | (–0.81, 0.21) | ||
Mechanical effectiveness | RF_10m | 0.89 *** | (0.74, 0.97) | 0.91 *** | (0.75, 0.99) | |
RF_peak | 0.69 ** | (0.34, 0.92) | 0.77 ** | (0.45, 0.96) | ||
DRF | 0.19 | (–0.47, 0.62) | –0.23 | (–0.58, 0.45) |
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Jiménez-Reyes, P.; Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V.; Párraga-Montilla, J.A.; Romero-Franco, N.; Casado, A. Anaerobic Speed Reserve, Sprint Force–Velocity Profile, Kinematic Characteristics, and Jump Ability among Elite Male Speed- and Endurance-Adapted Milers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031447
Jiménez-Reyes P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel V, Párraga-Montilla JA, Romero-Franco N, Casado A. Anaerobic Speed Reserve, Sprint Force–Velocity Profile, Kinematic Characteristics, and Jump Ability among Elite Male Speed- and Endurance-Adapted Milers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031447
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez-Reyes, Pedro, Víctor Cuadrado-Peñafiel, Juan A. Párraga-Montilla, Natalia Romero-Franco, and Arturo Casado. 2022. "Anaerobic Speed Reserve, Sprint Force–Velocity Profile, Kinematic Characteristics, and Jump Ability among Elite Male Speed- and Endurance-Adapted Milers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031447