Community Response to Noise from Hot-Spots at a Major Road in Quito (Ecuador) and Its Application for Identification and Ranking These Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Objectives and Hypotheses
2. Material and Method
2.1. Case study: Quito’s Bypass
2.2. Survey Campaign
2.2.1. Ethical Aspects and Data Protection
2.2.2. Questionnaire Design
2.2.3. Data Analysis and Statistical Test for Treating the Results of the Surveys and for the Calculation of the Dose–Response Curves
2.3. Comparison of the Hot-Spot of the Study Area Calculated with Different Community Noise Assessment Indicator
Statistical Tests for Comparison of HSIP 3D-Tool Output with the Different Noise Indicators
3. Results
3.1. Results from the Subjective Data Collected during the Survey Campaign
3.1.1. Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Socio-Acoustic Information
3.1.2. Exposure–Response Relationship for Highly Sleep Disturbed and Highly Noise Annoyed for the Case Study Area
3.1.3. Exposure–Response Relationship for Noise Annoyance
3.1.4. Comparing the Dose–Response Curves for the Percentage of HA_CS and HSD_CS of the Study Area with the Dose–Response Curves of the WHO
3.2. Comparison of the HSIP 3D-Tool Output Data for the Proposed Indicators
Statistical Tests Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of the Survey Data
4.2. Discussion concerning the Characterization of Noise Hot-Spots on Major Roads
- Whether there is a deviation between the dose–response indicators proposed by European regulations regarding the local dose–response curves estimated in this research from the study area of Quito;
- To examine the impact that the use of reference time intervals (END vs. National), in combination with the use of dose-response curves (WHO vs. Case Study), may have on global estimates of the number of people exposed to noise in the study area.
4.3. Limitation of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coefficient | Std. Error | t Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 59.88 (C) | 407.80 | 0.147 | 0.887 |
Lnight | −4.02 (B) | 12.97 | −0.31 | 0.765 |
Lnight2 | 0.05 (A) | 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.616 |
Coefficient | Std. Error | t Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −152.65 (B) | 17.38 | −8.78 | 1.04 ×10 −5 |
Lnight | 2.75 (A) | 0.28 | 9.97 | 3.66 × 10−6 |
Coefficient | Std. Error | t Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 1156.80 (C) | 851.00 | 1.36 | 0.211 |
Lden | −36.07 (B) | 23.35 | −1.55 | 0.161 |
Lden2 | 0.28 (A) | 0.16 | 1.77 | 0.116 |
Coefficient | Std. Error | t Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −343.74 (B) | 36.25 | −9.48 | 5.56 × 10−6 |
Lden | 5.12 (A) | 0.50 | 10.31 | 2.77 × 10−6 |
Indicator to Estimate | The Output of Noise Mapping | Average Traffic Flow per Hour during the Nighttime as a Percentage of Total Traffic | National and END Noise Indicator Equivalences |
---|---|---|---|
Lnoche | Lnight | 21:00–07:00 h, 1.8% v/h (noche) 23:00–07:00 h, 1.1% v/h (night) | Lnoche ≈ Lnight + 2.2 dB |
HSD_CS Strategic Noise Map Results (Lnoche ≥ 60 dB) | HSD_CS Strategic Noise Map Results (Lnight ≥ 58 dB) | HSD Strategic Noise Map Results (Lnight ≥ 58 dB) |
---|---|---|
Total number N of people at risk of a harmful effect due to traffic noise | ||
189 people out of a total of 1574 | 159 people out of a total of 1543 | 148 people out of a total of 1543 |
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Puyana-Romero, V.; Cueto, J.L.; Ciaburro, G.; Bravo-Moncayo, L.; Hernandez-Molina, R. Community Response to Noise from Hot-Spots at a Major Road in Quito (Ecuador) and Its Application for Identification and Ranking These Areas. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031115
Puyana-Romero V, Cueto JL, Ciaburro G, Bravo-Moncayo L, Hernandez-Molina R. Community Response to Noise from Hot-Spots at a Major Road in Quito (Ecuador) and Its Application for Identification and Ranking These Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031115
Chicago/Turabian StylePuyana-Romero, Virginia, Jose Luis Cueto, Giuseppe Ciaburro, Luis Bravo-Moncayo, and Ricardo Hernandez-Molina. 2022. "Community Response to Noise from Hot-Spots at a Major Road in Quito (Ecuador) and Its Application for Identification and Ranking These Areas" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031115