Socioeconomic Deprivation, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources and Study Population
2.2. Variables and Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Socioeconomic Deprivation and Sleep Duration
3.3. Socioeconomic Deprivation and Mental Health
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Number (%) or Mean (SD) |
---|---|
Age | 54.9 (18.1) |
Race/Ethnicity White African American/Black Asian American Indian/Alaskan Native Other Hispanic | 12,754 (86.9) 992 (6.8) 139 (0.9) 96 (0.7) 385 (2.6) 310 (2.1) |
Sex at Birth Female Male | 7970 (54.3) 6706 (45.7) |
Years of Education Never Attended or Only Kindergarten Elementary (Grades 1–8) Some Highschool (Grades 9–11) High School Graduate Some College (1–3 years) College Graduate (4 or more years) | 6 (0) 165 (1.1) 732 (5) 4932 (33.6) 4086 (27.7) 4723 (32.2) |
Annual Household Income Less than USD 10,000 Less than USD 25,000 Less than USD 50,000 Less than USD 75,000 USD 75,000 or more | 495 (3.4) 2667 (18.5) 2965 (20.6) 1897 (13.2) 3666 (25.5) |
Marital Status Married Divorced/Widowed/Separated/Never Married | 7185 (49) 7335 (50) |
Body Mass Index | 29.1 (6.9) |
Model | Independent Variable/s | Dependent Variable/s | B | SE | β | p Value | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | SDI | Sleep Health | −0.003 | 0.001 | −0.049 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Mental Health | 0.033 | 0.003 | 0.098 | <0.001 | 0.010 | ||
Model 2 | SDI | Sleep Health | −0.002 | 0.001 | −0.037 | <0.001 | 0.018 |
Mental Health | 0.022 | 0.003 | 0.064 | <0.001 | 0.060 |
Social Deprivation Index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | aOR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Short sleep | 1.57 | [1.34, 1.83] | <0.001 | 1.33 | [1.12, 1.57] | 0.001 |
Poor mental health | 1.47 | [1.26, 1.71] | <0.001 | 1.18 | [1.01, 1.39] | 0.043 |
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Griggs, S.; Horvat Davey, C.; Howard, Q.; Pignatiello, G.; Duwadi, D. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114367
Griggs S, Horvat Davey C, Howard Q, Pignatiello G, Duwadi D. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114367
Chicago/Turabian StyleGriggs, Stephanie, Christine Horvat Davey, Quiana Howard, Grant Pignatiello, and Deepesh Duwadi. 2022. "Socioeconomic Deprivation, Sleep Duration, and Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114367