HLA Genotypes in Patients with Infection Caused by Different Strains of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects, Materials, and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Among residents of northwest Russia, HLA-A*02 is only associated with protection against infection caused by non-VOC SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants but is not protective against delta viral strains;
- HLA-A*03 is associated with a reduced risk of infection by delta SARS-CoV-2 strains;
- The HLA-A*30, HLA-B*49, and HLA-B*57 allele groups are predisposing factors for infection by delta (B.1.617.2) viral strains.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HLA-A* Allele Group | Frequency in the Overall Convalescent Group, n (%) | Frequency in Controls, n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
HLA-A*01 | 122 (25.29) | 314 (21.57) | 0.1022 |
HLA-A*02 | 220 (45.52) | 753 (51.72) | 0.0182 |
HLA-A*03 | 151 (31.26) | 400 (27.47) | 0.1166 |
HLA-A*11 | 58 (11.95) | 152 (10.44) | 0.3532 |
HLA-A*23 | 16 (3.22) | 61 (4.19) | 0.4233 |
HLA-A*24 | 111 (22.99) | 289 (19.85) | 0.1537 |
HLA-A*25 | 36 (7.36) | 138 (9.48) | 0.1985 |
HLA-A*26 | 33 (6.90) | 132 (9.07) | 0.1329 |
HLA-A*29 | 16 (3.22) | 36 (2.47) | 0.3311 |
HLA-A*30 | 22 (4.60) | 54 (3.71) | 0.4180 |
HLA-A*31 | 18 (3.68) | 50 (3.43) | 0.7758 |
HLA-A*32 | 27 (5.52) | 56 (3.85) | 0.1189 |
HLA-A*33 | 16 (3.22) | 52 (3.57) | 0.8868 |
HLA-A*36 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 |
HLA-A*66 | 9 (1.84) | 18 (1.24) | 0.3687 |
HLA-A*68 | 33 (6.90) | 108 (7.42) | 0.7617 |
HLA-A*69 | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.21) | 1 |
HLA-B* Allele Group | Frequency in the Overall Convalescent Group n (%) | Frequency in Controls n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
HLA-B*07 | 124 (25.69) | 377 (25.89) | 0.9522 |
HLA-B*08 | 50 (10.32) | 181 (12.43) | 0.2254 |
HLA-B*13 | 67 (10.78) | 175 (12.02) | 0.3022 |
HLA-B*14 | 22 (4.59) | 57 (3.91) | 0.5952 |
HLA-B*15 | 75 (14.45) | 179 (12.29) | 0.0738 |
HLA-B*18 | 60 (12.39) | 199 (13.67) | 0.5371 |
HLA-B*27 | 65 (13.53) | 147 (10.10) | 0.0438 |
HLA-B*35 | 111 (22.94) | 304 (20.88) | 0.3379 |
HLA-B*37 | 10 (2.06) | 28 (1.92) | 0.8503 |
HLA-B*38 | 33 (6.88) | 105 (7.21) | 0.8385 |
HLA-B*39 | 26 (5.28) | 70 (4.81) | 0.6289 |
HLA-B*40 | 50 (10.32) | 167 (11.47) | 0.5600 |
HLA-B*41 | 19 (3.90) | 81 (5.56) | 0.1913 |
HLA-B*42 | 1 (0.23) | 3 (0.21) | 1 |
HLA-B*44 | 92 (19.04) | 270 (18.54) | 0.8390 |
HLA-B*45 | 2 (0.46) | 5 (0.34) | 0.6877 |
HLA-B*46 | 1 (0.23) | 3 (0.21) | 1 |
HLA-B*47 | 2 (0.46) | 4 (0.27) | 0.6432 |
HLA-B*48 | 1 (0.23) | 14 (0.96) | 0.1353 |
HLA-B*49 | 10 (2.06) | 34 (2.34) | 0.8606 |
HLA-B*50 | 10 (2.06) | 19 (1.30) | 0.2776 |
HLA-B*51 | 45 (9.40) | 134 (9.20) | 0.9280 |
HLA-B*52 | 17 (3.44) | 59 (4.05) | 0.6856 |
HLA-B*53 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 |
HLA-B*54 | 1 (0.23) | 2 (0.14) | 0.5774 |
HLA-B*55 | 6 (1.15) | 38 (2.61) | 0.1105 |
HLA-B*56 | 16 (3.21) | 34 (2.34) | 0.2480 |
HLA-B*57 | 36 (7.34) | 79 (5.43) | 0.1192 |
HLA-B*58 | 13 (2.75) | 30 (2.06) | 0.4752 |
HLA-B*59 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 |
HLA-B*67 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 |
HLA-B*73 | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.14) | 1 |
HLA-B*81 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 |
HLA-DRB1* Allele Group | Frequency in the Overall Convalescent Group n (%) | Frequency in Controls n (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
HLA-DRB1*01 | 125 (25.92) | 345 (23.70) | 0.3584 |
HLA-DRB1*03 | 70 (14.45) | 237 (16.28) | 0.3883 |
HLA-DRB1*04 | 85 (17.66) | 297 (20.40) | 0.1871 |
HLA-DRB1*07 | 133 (27.52) | 374 (25.69) | 0.4381 |
HLA-DRB1*08 | 39 (8.03) | 86 (5.91) | 0.1084 |
HLA-DRB1*09 | 11 (2.29) | 36 (2.47) | 1 |
HLA-DRB1*10 | 0 (0.00) | 26 (1.79) | 0.0008 |
HLA-DRB1*11 | 112 (23.17) | 334 (22.94) | 0.9502 |
HLA-DRB1*12 | 22 (4.59) | 56 (3.85) | 0.5050 |
HLA-DRB1*13 | 114 (23.62) | 364 (25.00) | 0.5430 |
HLA-DRB1*14 | 12 (2.52) | 46 (3.16) | 0.5384 |
HLA-DRB1*15 | 135 (27.98) | 413 (28.37) | 0.8613 |
HLA-DRB1*16 | 41 (8.49) | 126 (8.65) | 1 |
HLA-A* Allele Group | Frequency in Group 1 n (%) | Frequency in Group 2 n (%) | Frequency in Controls (3) n (%) | p (1–3) | p (2–3) | p (1–2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HLA-A*01 | 60 (26.00) | 23 (28.75) | 314 (21.57) | 0.1470 | 0.1292 | 0.6609 |
HLA-A*02 | 98 (42.42) | 41 (51.25) | 753 (51.72) | 0.0088 | 1 | 0.1927 |
HLA-A*03 | 75 (32.47) | 16 (20.0) | 400 (27.47) | 0.1344 | 0.1565 | 0.0453 |
HLA-A*11 | 30 (13.00) | 9 (11.25) | 152 (10.44) | 0.2536 | 0.8506 | 0.8450 |
HLA-A*23 | 5 (2.16) | 1 (1.25) | 61 (4.19) | 0.1982 | 0.3719 | 1 |
HLA-A*24 | 47 (20.35) | 21 (26.25) | 289 (19.85) | 0.8594 | 0.1965 | 0.2755 |
HLA-A*25 | 20 (8.66) | 8 (10.00) | 138 (9.48) | 0.8079 | 0.8446 | 0.8208 |
HLA-A*26 | 16 (6.93) | 6 (7.50) | 132 (9.07) | 0.3185 | 0.8404 | 0.8052 |
HLA-A*29 | 10 (4.33) | 2 (2.50) | 36 (2.47) | 0.1246 | 1 | 0.7373 |
HLA-A*30 | 10 (4.33) | 7 (8.75) | 54 (3.71) | 0.5820 | 0.0356 | 0.1547 |
HLA-A*31 | 6 (2.60) | 2 (2.50) | 50 (3.43) | 0.6918 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-A*32 | 15 (6.50) | 3 (3.75) | 56 (3.85) | 0.0758 | 1 | 0.5783 |
HLA-A*33 | 8 (3.46) | 4 (5.00) | 52 (3.57) | 1 | 0.5314 | 0.5130 |
HLA-A*36 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-A*66 | 6 (2.60) | 0 (0.00) | 108 (7.42) | 0.1269 | 0.6200 | 0.3443 |
HLA-A*68 | 20 (8.66) | 5 (6.25) | 3 (0.21) | 0.5039 | 0.8286 | 0.6357 |
HLA-A*69 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 314 (21.57) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-B* Allele Group | Frequency in Group 1 n (%) | Frequency in Group 2 n (%) | Frequency in Controls (3) n (%) | p (1–3) | p (2–3) | p (1–2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HLA-B*07 | 61 (26.41) | 19 (23.75) | 377 (25.89) | 0.8718 | 0.7930 | 0.7668 |
HLA-B*08 | 25 (10.82) | 13 (16.25) | 181 (12.43) | 0.5884 | 0.3014 | 0.2344 |
HLA-B*13 | 19 (8.23) | 11 (13.75) | 175 (12.02) | 0.0967 | 0.5992 | 0.1859 |
HLA-B*14 | 10 (4.33) | 2 (2.50) | 57 (3.91) | 0.7180 | 0.7658 | 0.7373 |
HLA-B*15 | 30 (12.99) | 11 (13.75) | 179 (12.29) | 0.7476 | 0.7264 | 0.8495 |
HLA-B*18 | 30 (12.99) | 11 (13.75) | 199 (13.67) | 0.8367 | 1 | 0.8495 |
HLA-B*27 | 23 (9.96) | 9 (11.25) | 147 (10.10) | 1 | 0.7040 | 0.8310 |
HLA-B*35 | 55 (23.81) | 13 (16.25) | 304 (20.88) | 0.3410 | 0.3945 | 0.2088 |
HLA-B*37 | 7 (3.03) | 3 (3.75) | 28 (1.92) | 0.3148 | 0.2164 | 0.7211 |
HLA-B*38 | 20 (8.66) | 5 (6.25) | 105 (7.21) | 0.4186 | 1 | 0.6357 |
HLA-B*39 | 12 (5.19) | 2 (2.50) | 70 (4.81) | 0.7434 | 0.5821 | 0.5314 |
HLA-B*40 | 21 (9.09) | 8 (10.00) | 167 (11.47) | 0.3128 | 0.8565 | 0.8247 |
HLA-B*41 | 8 (3.46) | 2 (2.50) | 81 (5.56) | 0.2077 | 0.3147 | 1 |
HLA-B*42 | 1 (0.43) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.21) | 0.4455 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-B*44 | 43 (18.61) | 13 (16.25) | 270 (18.54) | 1 | 0.7668 | 0.7366 |
HLA-B*45 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.25) | 5 (0.34) | 1 | 0.2749 | 0.2572 |
HLA-B*46 | 2 (0.87) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.21) | 0.1410 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-B*47 | 2 (0.87) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (0.27) | 0.1930 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-B*48 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 14 (0.96) | 0.2390 | 1 | - |
HLA-B*49 | 2 (0.87) | 5 (6.25) | 34 (2.34) | 0.2178 | 0.0483 | 0.0136 |
HLA-B*50 | 5 (2.16) | 1 (1.25) | 19 (1.30) | 0.3619 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-B*51 | 17 (7.36) | 10 (12.5) | 134 (9.20) | 0.4560 | 0.3231 | 0.1703 |
HLA-B*52 | 7 (3.03) | 2 (2.50) | 59 (4.05) | 0.5840 | 0.7671 | 1 |
HLA-B*53 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-B*54 | 1 (0.43) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.14) | 0.3573 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-B*55 | 2 (0.87) | 0 (0.00) | 38 (2.61) | 0.1577 | 0.2594 | 1 |
HLA-B*56 | 9 (3.90) | 1 (1.25) | 34 (2.34) | 0.1749 | 1 | 0.4621 |
HLA-B*57 | 18 (7.79) | 11 (13.75) | 79 (5.43) | 0.1693 | * | 0.1221 |
HLA-B*58 | 6 (2.60) | 0 (0.00) | 30 (2.06) | 0.6217 | 0.4004 | 0.3443 |
HLA-B*59 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-B*67 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-B*73 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.14) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-B*81 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.07) | 1 | 1 | - |
HLA-DRB1* Allele Group | Frequency in Group 1 n (%) | Frequency in Group 2 n (%) | Frequency in Controls (3) n (%) | p (1–3) | p (2–3) | p (1–2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HLA-DRB1*01 | 52 (22.51) | 15 (18.75) | 345 (23.70) | 0.7388 | 0.3451 | 0.5310 |
HLA-DRB1*03 | 41 (17.75) | 16 (20.00) | 237 (16.28) | 0.5675 | 0.3564 | 0.7375 |
HLA-DRB1*04 | 47 (20.35) | 16 (20.00) | 297 (20.40) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-DRB1*07 | 65 (28.14) | 23 (28.75) | 374 (25.69) | 0.4209 | 0.5152 | 1 |
HLA-DRB1*08 | 15 (6.49) | 4 (5.00) | 86 (5.91) | 0.7648 | 1 | 0.7897 |
HLA-DRB1*09 | 5 (2.16) | 2 (2.50) | 36 (2.47) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
HLA-DRB1*10 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.25) | 26 (1.79) | 0.0397 | 1 | 0.2572 |
HLA-DRB1*11 | 46 (19.91) | 17 (21.25) | 334 (22.94) | 0.3510 | 0.7860 | 0.8719 |
HLA-DRB1*12 | 7 (3.03) | 3 (3.75) | 56 (3.85) | 0.7084 | 1 | 0.7211 |
HLA-DRB1*13 | 56 (24.24) | 16 (20.00) | 364 (25.00) | 0.8700 | 0.3534 | 0.5387 |
HLA-DRB1*14 | 9 (3.90) | 4 (5.00) | 46 (3.16) | 0.5492 | 0.3268 | 0.7465 |
HLA-DRB1*15 | 66 (28.57) | 26 (32.5) | 413 (28.37) | 0.9376 | 0.4462 | 0.5700 |
HLA-DRB1*16 | 22 (9.52) | 6 (7.50) | 126 (8.65) | 0.6187 | 0.8400 | 0.6580 |
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Bubnova, L.; Pavlova, I.; Terentieva, M.; Glazanova, T.; Belyaeva, E.; Sidorkevich, S.; Bashketova, N.; Chkhingeria, I.; Kozhemyakina, M.; Azarov, D.; et al. HLA Genotypes in Patients with Infection Caused by Different Strains of SARS-CoV-2. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114024
Bubnova L, Pavlova I, Terentieva M, Glazanova T, Belyaeva E, Sidorkevich S, Bashketova N, Chkhingeria I, Kozhemyakina M, Azarov D, et al. HLA Genotypes in Patients with Infection Caused by Different Strains of SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114024
Chicago/Turabian StyleBubnova, Ludmila, Irina Pavlova, Maria Terentieva, Tatiana Glazanova, Elena Belyaeva, Sergei Sidorkevich, Nataliya Bashketova, Irina Chkhingeria, Mal’vina Kozhemyakina, Daniil Azarov, and et al. 2022. "HLA Genotypes in Patients with Infection Caused by Different Strains of SARS-CoV-2" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114024