Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Male | Female | p-Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 18–24 | 85 | 84 | 0.972 |
25–34 | 162 | 145 | ||
35–44 | 231 | 230 | ||
45–54 | 255 | 261 | ||
55–64 | 214 | 228 | ||
65–74 | 186 | 196 | ||
75–84 | 80 | 77 | ||
85–94 | 14 | 14 | ||
Employment status | Working | 800 | 748 | 0.000 |
Retired or pensioner | 306 | 277 | ||
Student | 40 | 48 | ||
Unemployed | 68 | 130 | ||
Studies | No education | 30 | 46 | 0.001 |
Primary | 71 | 109 | ||
Secondary 1st stage | 165 | 209 | ||
Secondary 2nd stage | 188 | 184 | ||
Vocational training | 249 | 214 | ||
Higher | 507 | 454 | ||
Others | 9 | 13 | ||
Subjective class identification | High/upper middle | 97 | 66 | 0.006 |
Middle | 620 | 627 | ||
Lower middle | 183 | 174 | ||
Working/Laborer | 119 | 100 | ||
Low/poor | 90 | 128 |
Component | ||
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
Fear of becoming ill | 0.614 | |
Concern about measures that may limit face-to-face contact and relationships with family, friends, and neighbors | 0.559 | |
Fear of not recovering their life as it was before the pandemic. | 0.746 | |
Fear of no longer being able to undertake life projects such as emancipation, starting a business, or traveling. | 0.622 | |
Concern and fear for the future | 0.692 | |
Grief over the loss of a family member, friend or acquaintance | 0.650 | |
Concern about losing their personal job or that of a family member | 0.784 | |
Fear of the possibility of losing your personal job or that of a family member | 0.767 | |
Uneasiness about not being able to meet their expenses (mortgages, rents, loans, utilities, telephony, etc.). | 0.764 |
Variable | Category | Standardized Residual | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1: High uncertainty | Factor 2: High fear | |||
Gender | Female | 3.3 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
Age | Less than 45 years old | 2.3 | 4.3 | <0.001 |
Employment status | Unemployed or performing unpaid work at home | 2.1 | 4.9 | <0.001 |
Studies | No education | 1.6 | 3.7 | <0.001 |
Primary | 1.8 | 4.1 | <0.001 | |
Subjective class identification | Low/poor | 2.1 | 4.1 | <0.001 |
Variable | Yes | No |
---|---|---|
Willingness to be vaccinated when it is your turn | 12.6% | 87.4% |
Does not trust the vaccine | 36.8% | 63.2% |
Do not believe it is effective | 10.3% | 89.7% |
Fear of health risks/side effects/collateral side effects | 31.0% | 69% |
Because they are unlikely to be contagious | 4.6% | 95.4 |
Because they have passed COVID-19 | 8.0% | 92.0% |
Prefer to wait to see how they work | 5.7% | 94.3% |
Against all vaccines in general | 3.4% | 96.6% |
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Pérez-Bermejo, M.; Cloquell-Lozano, A.; Moret-Tatay, C.; Arteaga-Moreno, F.J. Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114013
Pérez-Bermejo M, Cloquell-Lozano A, Moret-Tatay C, Arteaga-Moreno FJ. Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114013
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Bermejo, Marcelino, Alexis Cloquell-Lozano, Carmen Moret-Tatay, and Francisco Javier Arteaga-Moreno. 2022. "Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114013
APA StylePérez-Bermejo, M., Cloquell-Lozano, A., Moret-Tatay, C., & Arteaga-Moreno, F. J. (2022). Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14013. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114013