The Association between New-Onset Depressive Symptoms and Participating in Medical Check-Ups among Elderly Individuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Study Design
2.2. CES-D 10 Depressive Symptoms
2.3. Independent Variables and Other Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Depressive Symptom (n = 313) | Non-Depressive Symptom (n = 3942) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 73.45 (7.9) | 71.17 (7.6) | |
Sex | 0.327 | ||
Men | 129 (41.2%) | 1744 (37.5%) | |
Women | 184 (58.8%) | 2198 (62.5%) | |
Education level | 0.004 | ||
Middle school or below | 213 (68.1%) | 2393 (60.7%) | |
High school or above | 100 (32.0%) | 1549 (39.3%) | |
Smoking | 0.104 | ||
Yes | 20 (6.4%) | 367 (9.3%) | |
No | 293 (93.6%) | 3575 (90.7%) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.116 | ||
Yes | 86 (27.5%) | 1259 (31.9%) | |
No | 227 (72.5%) | 2683 (68.1%) | |
Participating medical check-up | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 245 (78.3%) | 3501 (88.1%) | |
No | 68 (21.7%) | 441 (11.9%) | |
Economic activity | <0.001 | ||
Economic activity in progress | 79 (25.2%) | 1366 (34.7%) | |
Unemployed or not participating | 234 (74.8%) | 2576 (65.4%) | |
Physical activity (1 week) | 0.004 | ||
0 | 225 (71.9%) | 2503 (63.5%) | |
≤3 | 21 (6.7%) | 482 (12.2%) | |
4–5 | 30 (9.6%) | 508 (12.9%) | |
≥6 | 37 (11.8%) | 449 (11.4%) | |
Household Income * | <0.001 | ||
USD ≤ 19,014 | 159 (50.8%) | 1543 (39.1%) | |
USD 19,014–34,236 | 76 (25.2%) | 1197 (30.4%) | |
USD > 34,236 | 78 (24.9%) | 1202 (30.5%) | |
Human relationship | <0.001 | ||
Often | 208 (66.5%) | 3376 (85.6%) | |
Rare | 105 (33.6%) | 566 (14.4%) | |
Residence home ownership | <0.001 | ||
Owned | 239 (76.4%) | 3455 (87.7%) | |
Not Owned | 74 (23.7%) | 487 (12.4%) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 210 (67.1%) | 3020 (76.6%) | |
No | 103 (32.9%) | 922 (23.4%) |
Variable | Participating MC (n = 3746) | Non-Participating MC (n = 509) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 70.90 (7.5) | 74.56 (8.2) | |
Sex | 0.139 | ||
Men | 1665 (44.5%) | 208 (40.9%) | |
Women | 2081 (55.6%) | 301 (59.1%) | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||
Middle school or below | 2229 (59.5%) | 377 (74.1%) | |
High school or above | 1517 (40.5%) | 132 (25.9%) | |
Smoking | 0.178 | ||
Yes | 332 (8.9%) | 55 (10.8%) | |
No | 3414 (91.1%) | 454 (89.2%) | |
Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1218 (32.5%) | 127 (25.0%) | |
No | 2528 (67.5%) | 382 (75.1%) | |
Economic activity | <0.001 | ||
Economic activity in progress | 2436 (65.0%) | 374 (73.5%) | |
Unemployed or not participating | 1310 (35.0%) | 135 (26.5%) | |
Physical activity (1 week) | <0.001 | ||
0 | 2342 (62.5%) | 386 (75.8%) | |
≤3 | 459 (12.3%) | 44 (8.6%) | |
4–5 | 494 (13.2%) | 44 (8.6%) | |
≥6 | 451 (12.0%) | 35 (6.9%) | |
Household Income * | <0.001 | ||
USD ≤ 19,014 | 2213 (59.1%) | 352 (69.2%) | |
USD 19,014–34,236 | 905 (24.2%) | 87 (17.1%) | |
USD > 34,236 | 628 (16.8%) | 70 (13.8%) | |
Human relationship | <0.001 | ||
Often | 3112 (83.1%) | 472 (78.6%) | |
Rare | 551 (16.9%) | 120 (21.4%) | |
Residence home ownership | <0.001 | ||
Owned | 3294 (87.9%) | 400 (78.6%) | |
Not Owned | 452 (12.1%) | 109 (21.4%) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2896 (77.3%) | 334 (65.6%) | |
No | 850 (22.7%) | 175 (34.4%) |
Variable | Values | Crude Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratios | CI | p | Odds Ratios | CI | p | Odds Ratios | CI | p | Odds Ratios | CI | p | ||
Participating medical check-up | Yes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||||||||
No | 2.2 | 1.65–2.93 | <0.001 | 1.95 | 1.46–2.61 | <0.001 | 1.84 | 1.34–2.53 | 0.001 | 1.65 | 1.22–2.24 | 0.001 |
Medical Check-Up | Socioeconomic Status | Final Model ¶ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratios | CI | p | ||
Yes | High household income | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Low household income | 0.95 | 0.71–1.28 | 0.75 | |
No | High household income | 1.21 | 0.65–2.25 | 0.55 |
Low household income | 1.78 | 1.18–2.67 | 0.006 | |
Yes | High education | 1.00 (reference) | ||
Low education | 1.09 | 0.80–1.49 | 0.57 | |
No | High education | 1.43 | 0.76–2.69 | 0.27 |
Low education | 1.89 | 1.25–2.87 | 0.002 |
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Park, H.; Sim, J.; Oh, J.; Lee, J.; Lee, C.; Kim, Y.; Yun, B.; Yoon, J.-h. The Association between New-Onset Depressive Symptoms and Participating in Medical Check-Ups among Elderly Individuals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811509
Park H, Sim J, Oh J, Lee J, Lee C, Kim Y, Yun B, Yoon J-h. The Association between New-Onset Depressive Symptoms and Participating in Medical Check-Ups among Elderly Individuals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811509
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Heejoo, Juho Sim, Juyeon Oh, Jongmin Lee, Chorom Lee, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, and Jin-ha Yoon. 2022. "The Association between New-Onset Depressive Symptoms and Participating in Medical Check-Ups among Elderly Individuals" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811509