Insights into the Sustainable Development of the Bioeconomy at the European Level, in the Context of the Desired Clean Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. The Model
3.2. The Dataset
3.3. The Variables
3.4. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. The Role of Human Capital
4.2. The Role of Women Empowerment
4.3. The Role of Corruption
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Source | Obs. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | LLC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
logBE-VA | DataM dashboard | 209 | 3.93 | 0.53 | 2.57 | 4.81 | −5.10 *** |
logGERD | Eurostat | 209 | 3.30 | 1.03 | 1.43 | 5.67 | −2.63 *** |
logHDI | UNDP–Human Development Reports | 209 | −0.06 | 0.02 | −0.12 | −0.03 | −4.69 *** |
W_res | Eurostat | 144 | 38.84 | 8.04 | 24.00 | 57.70 | −6.13 *** |
W_mng | Eurostat | 133 | 32.11 | 6.56 | 12.20 | 48.80 | −4.78 *** |
logGII | UNDP–Human Development Reports | 209 | −0.83 | 0.25 | −1.35 | −0.04 | −9.24 *** |
CC | World Bank–WGI database | 209 | 0.88 | 0.77 | −0.26 | 2.47 | −2.73 *** |
Dependent Variable: logBE-VA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Model (1) | Model (2) | Model (3) | |
Vector X (Human capital variables) | logGERD | 0.368 *** [0.002] | 0.406 *** [0.015] | 0.409 *** [0.016] |
logHDI | 3.012 *** [0.208] | 4.441 *** [1.699] | 1.634 [1.268] | |
Vector W (Role of women variables) | W_res | 0.022 *** [0.002] | 0.021 *** [0.002] | |
W_mng | 0.005 * [0.003] | 0.006 ** [0.003] | ||
logGII | −0.392 ** [0.166] | −0.340 ** [0.155] | ||
Quality of governance variable | CC | 0.094 *** [0.029] | ||
Cons | 2.922 *** [0.014] | 1.537 *** [0.206] | 1.305 *** [0.179] | |
N | 209 | 127 | 127 | |
R2 | 0.572 | 0.637 | 0.641 | |
41,767.06 *** | 3533.63 *** | 6131.78 *** |
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Diaconașu, D.-E.; Bostan, I.; Căutișanu, C.; Chiriac, I. Insights into the Sustainable Development of the Bioeconomy at the European Level, in the Context of the Desired Clean Environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811286
Diaconașu D-E, Bostan I, Căutișanu C, Chiriac I. Insights into the Sustainable Development of the Bioeconomy at the European Level, in the Context of the Desired Clean Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811286
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiaconașu, Delia-Elena, Ionel Bostan, Cristina Căutișanu, and Irina Chiriac. 2022. "Insights into the Sustainable Development of the Bioeconomy at the European Level, in the Context of the Desired Clean Environment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811286