Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid

Sun, Qing; Zhang, Shi-Ling; Xie, Yong-Jing; Xu, Mei-Ting; Herrera-Balandrano, Daniela D.; Chen, Xin; Wang, Su-Yan; Shi, Xin-Chi; Laborda, Pedro

doi:10.3390/ijerph191710531

Open AccessArticle

Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid

by

Qing Sun

^†,

Shi-Ling Zhang

^†,

Yong-Jing Xie

^†,

Mei-Ting Xu

,

Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano

,

Xin Chen

,

Su-Yan Wang

^*,

Xin-Chi Shi

^*

and

Pedro Laborda

^*

School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10531; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710531

Submission received: 16 July 2022 / Revised: 21 August 2022 / Accepted: 22 August 2022 / Published: 24 August 2022

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Abstract

Soybean plants are highly susceptible to Fusarium species, which significantly reduce soybean production and quality. Several Fusarium species have been reported to synthesize mycotoxins, such as trichothecene, which have been related to major human diseases. In November 2021, soybean pods in Nantong municipality, China, showed black necrotic lesions during the harvest stage. The disease incidence reached 69%. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium sulawense via morphological analysis and sequencing of ITS, EF1-α and RPB2 genes. A PCR assay with primers targeting the trichothecene biosynthesis genes suggested that the three isolates could synthesize trichothecenes. The effectiveness of fungicide carbendazim and natural metabolites dipicolinic acid and kojic acid was screened for the management of F. sulawense on postharvest soybean pods. The highest efficacy was obtained when combining 3.8 mg/mL carbendazim and 0.84 mg/mL dipicolinic acid (curative efficacy: 49.1% lesion length inhibition; preventive efficacy: 82.7% lesion length inhibition), or 1.9 mg/mL carbendazim and 0.71 mg/mL kojic acid (preventive efficacy: 84.9% lesion length inhibition). Collectively, this report will lead to a better understanding of the safety hazards found in soybean products in China and reveals the application of dipicolinic and kojic acids to reduce the use of carbendazim.

Keywords: Fusarium species; soybean diseases; carbendazim; antifungal activity; causal agent; mycotoxins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, Q.; Zhang, S.-L.; Xie, Y.-J.; Xu, M.-T.; Herrera-Balandrano, D.D.; Chen, X.; Wang, S.-Y.; Shi, X.-C.; Laborda, P. Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710531

AMA Style

Sun Q, Zhang S-L, Xie Y-J, Xu M-T, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Chen X, Wang S-Y, Shi X-C, Laborda P. Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17):10531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710531

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Qing, Shi-Ling Zhang, Yong-Jing Xie, Mei-Ting Xu, Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano, Xin Chen, Su-Yan Wang, Xin-Chi Shi, and Pedro Laborda. 2022. "Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17: 10531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710531

APA Style

Sun, Q., Zhang, S.-L., Xie, Y.-J., Xu, M.-T., Herrera-Balandrano, D. D., Chen, X., Wang, S.-Y., Shi, X.-C., & Laborda, P. (2022). Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710531

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Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid

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