An Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System and Adherence to Training Intensity: A Feasibility Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
2.4. Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System (ICTS)
2.5. Interventions
2.6. Novel Indicator of Adherence
2.7. Outcome Measurements
2.8. Feasibility Indicators
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CPET | cardiopulmonary exercise training |
HR | heart rate |
HRR | heart rate reserve |
ICTS | intelligent cardiopulmonary training system |
VO2 | oxygen uptake |
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No. | Sex (M/F) | BMI | Pretest | Post-Test | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kg/m2) | Workload-peak (W) | VO2-peak (mL/min) | VO2-peak (mL/kg/min) | HR-peak (/min) | RER | Workload-peak (W) | VO2-peak (mL/min) | VO2-peak (mL/kg/min) | HR-peak (/min) | RER | ||
1 | F | 21.27 | 123 | 1520 | 26.9 | 173 | 1.14 | 146 | 1633 | 28.5 | 165 | 1.10 |
2 | M | 21.75 | 174 | 1768 | 29.6 | 194 | 1.16 | 198 | 2069 | 33.5 | 194 | 1.24 |
3 | M | 30.01 | 156 | 2107 | 25.9 | 165 | 1.09 | 168 | 2124 | 26.5 | 150 | 1.07 |
4 | F | 21.75 | 114 | 1510 | 27.3 | 163 | 1.12 | 133 | 1522 | 27.2 | 169 | 1.17 |
5 | F | 20.55 | 113 | 1209 | 25.1 | 186 | 1.20 | 121 | 1266 | 26.7 | 189 | 1.21 |
6 | F | 21.54 | 159 | 1556 | 28.4 | 160 | 1.32 | 163 | 1590 | 29.7 | 165 | 1.27 |
7 | M | 21.83 | 189 | 2175 | 32.0 | 189 | 1.15 | 196 | 2301 | 33.4 | 177 | 1.06 |
8 | F | 24.00 | 63 | 934 | 18.1 | 153 | 1.18 | 78 | 987 | 20.0 | 163 | 1.00 |
9 | M | 19.76 | 138 | 1938 | 33.6 | 177 | 1.05 | 148 | 1938 | 34.5 | 165 | 1.05 |
Pretest | Post-Test | Change | Effect Size (dz) | z-Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Workload-peak (w) | 136.6 ± 38.2 | 150.1 ± 37.5 | 13.6 ± 7.2 | 1.89 | −2.666 | 0.008 |
VO2-peak (mL/min) | 1628.6 ± 402.9 | 1714.4 ± 429.7 | 85.9 ± 89.5 | 0.96 | −2.666 | 0.008 |
VO2-peak (mL/kg/min) | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 28.9 ± 4.6 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.36 | −2.549 | 0.011 |
No. | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | S8 | S9 | S10 | S11 | S12 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 95.5 | 93.5 | 94.4 | 96.6 | 99.1 | 99.3 | 99.7 | 99.5 | 78.3 | 89.9 | 80.1 | 86.6 | 92.7 |
2 | 89.9 | 77.6 | 80.3 | 93.8 | 92.4 | 69.8 | 90.3 | 89.8 | 90.9 | 91.1 | 93.3 | 89.5 | 87.4 |
3 | 11.5 | 9.3 | 11.8 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 45.8 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 7.6 | 17.0 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 10.6 |
4 | 25.8 | 76.3 | 34.5 | 52.0 | 71.7 | 73.5 | 40.7 | 12.7 | 72.3 | 76.8 | 47.1 | 54.3 | 53.1 |
5 | 38.3 | 62.8 | 98.8 | 96.2 | 100 | 95.3 | 96.4 | 12.9 | 98.3 | 99.2 | 100 | X | 81.6 |
6 | 67.8 | 62.6 | 92.0 | 92.8 | 89.3 | 96.6 | 99.7 | 92.9 | 100 | 88.7 | 80.3 | 82.8 | 87.1 |
7 | 78.8 | 78.5 | 71.7 | 62.8 | 11.4 | 35.8 | 56.8 | 74.7 | 57.2 | 63.2 | 73.17 | X | 60.4 |
8 | 91.9 | 100.0 | 96.3 | 92.0 | 97.8 | 93.9 | 99.1 | 95.1 | 88.7 | 82.0 | 87.0 | X | 93.1 |
9 | 92.3 | 54.4 | 86.7 | 97.0 | 58.4 | 58.1 | 42.3 | 71.1 | 82.9 | 17.0 | 32.0 | X | 62.9 |
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Wei, L.; Chi, J.-Y.; Chao, J.C.-J.; Lin, Y.-N. An Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System and Adherence to Training Intensity: A Feasibility Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148335
Wei L, Chi J-Y, Chao JC-J, Lin Y-N. An Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System and Adherence to Training Intensity: A Feasibility Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(14):8335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148335
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Li, Ju-Yang Chi, Jane C.-J. Chao, and Yen-Nung Lin. 2022. "An Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System and Adherence to Training Intensity: A Feasibility Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14: 8335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148335
APA StyleWei, L., Chi, J.-Y., Chao, J. C.-J., & Lin, Y.-N. (2022). An Intelligent Cardiopulmonary Training System and Adherence to Training Intensity: A Feasibility Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148335