Metabolic and Obesity Phenotype Trajectories in Taiwanese Medical Personnel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources and Study Population
2.2. Measurements Metabolic Health, Overweight and Obesity
2.2.1. Metabolic and Obesity Phenotypes
2.2.2. Working Hours and Health Behavior Characteristics
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Latent Classes of the Developmental Trajectories for the Metabolic and Obesity Phenotypes
3.2. Factors Associated with the Latent Classes of Developmental Trajectories for Each Phenotype
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variable | Total (n = 3264) | MHNO (n = 1484) | MUNO (n = 595) | MHOO (n = 401) | MUOO (n = 784) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 34.5 ± 8.8 | 32.7 ± 7.8 | 35.2 ± 9.7 a | 34.8 ± 8.4 a | 37.2 ± 9.2 abc | <0.001 |
Age (years) | <0.001 | |||||
20–40 | 2634 (80.7) | 1284 (86.5) | 463 (77.8) a | 319 (79.6) a | 568 (72.4) ac | |
≥40 | 630 (19.3) | 200 (13.5) | 132 (22.2) a | 82 (20.4) a | 216 (27.6) ac | |
Male | 737 (22.6) | 136 (9.2) | 177 (29.7) a | 92 (22.9) a | 332 (42.3) abc | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 4.0 | 20.7 ± 1.9 | 21.3 ± 1.9 a | 26.3 ± 2.3 ab | 28.1 ± 3.6 abc | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 887 (27.2) | 370 (24.9) | 161 (27.1) | 117 (29.2) | 239 (30.5) a | 0.030 |
Working hours/week | 45.6 ± 11.4 | 44.9 ± 10.8 | 45.9 ± 11.8 | 46.2 ± 11.9 | 46.3 ± 11.8 a | 0.016 |
Working hours/week | 0.023 | |||||
≤40 | 1858 (56.9) | 872 (58.8) | 338 (56.8) | 211 (52.6) | 437 (55.7) | |
41–49 | 674 (20.6) | 317 (21.4) | 114 (19.2) | 95 (23.7) | 148 (18.9) | |
≥50 | 732 (22.4) | 295 (19.9) | 143 (24.0) | 95 (23.7) | 199 (25.4) a | |
Profession type | <0.001 | |||||
Nurse | 1681 (51.5) | 879 (59.2) | 269 (45.2) a | 216 (53.9) b | 317 (40.4) ac | |
Physician | 656 (20.1) | 239 (16.1) | 132 (22.2) a | 82 (20.4) | 203 (25.9) a | |
Other medical staff | 358 (11.0) | 151 (10.2) | 85 (14.3) a | 39 (9.7) | 83 (10.6) | |
Administrative staff | 569 (17.4) | 215 (14.5) | 109 (18.3) | 64 (16.0) | 181 (3.1) ac |
Reference Group: MHNO | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MUNO | MHOO | MUOO | ||||
Variable | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Age (years) | ||||||
20–40 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
≥40 | 1.93 (1.50–2.48) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.28–2.29) | <0.001 | 2.80 (2.22–3.52) | <0.001 |
Male | 5.19 (3.81–7.06) | <0.001 | 3.63 (2.53–5.21) | <0.001 | 10.50 (7.85–14.04) | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) | 0.600 | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) | 0.395 | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.931 |
Working hours/week | ||||||
≤40 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
41–49 | 0.97 (0.75–1.25) | 0.814 | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) | 0.130 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.864 |
≥50 | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) | 0.843 | 1.14 (0.81–1.59) | 0.457 | 0.96 (0.72–1.27) | 0.761 |
Profession type | ||||||
Nurse | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Physician | 0.73 (0.51–1.05) | 0.090 | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) | 0.068 | 0.59 (0.42–0.84) | 0.003 |
Other medical staff | 1.35 (0.98–1.84) | 0.064 | 0.86 (0.58–1.28) | 0.470 | 0.85 (0.61–1.18) | 0.329 |
Administrative staff | 1.29 (0.97–1.71) | 0.078 | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) | 0.744 | 1.45 (1.12–1.88) | 0.005 |
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Descriptive Statistics | Logistic Model, Reference: Group 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 1 | Group 2 | |||
Variable | (n = 417) | (n = 264) | (n = 488) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Age (years) | 38.2 ± 8.9 | 35.6 ± 9.2 | 33.0 ± 8.6 | ||||
Age (years) | |||||||
20–40 | 200 (48.0) | 153 (58.0) | 340 (69.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
≥40 | 217 (52.0) | 111 (42.0) | 148 (30.3) | 2.39 (1.75–3.27) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.15–2.27) | 0.006 |
Male sex | 122 (29.3) | 41 (15.5) | 20 (4.1) | 12.24 (6.47–23.15) | <0.001 | 5.90 (2.92–11.94) | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 387 (92.8) | 251 (95.1) | 431 (88.3) | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 0.244 | 2.31 (1.22–4.39) | 0.010 |
Working hours/week | 48.4 ± 12.0 | 45.7 ± 8.1 | 45.6 ± 8.8 | ||||
Working hours/week | |||||||
≤40 | 161 (38.6) | 107 (40.5) | 212 (43.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
41–49 | 109 (26.1) | 83 (31.4) | 143 (29.3) | 1.00 (0.71–1.42) | 0.986 | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) | 0.578 |
≥50 | 147 (35.3) | 74 (28.0) | 133 (27.3) | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) | 0.647 | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 0.652 |
Profession type | |||||||
Nurse | 202 (48.4) | 166 (62.9) | 338 (69.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Physician | 72 (17.3) | 30 (11.4) | 34 (7.0) | 0.70 (0.37–1.35) | 0.291 | 0.69 (0.34–1.41) | 0.311 |
Other medical staff | 54 (12.9) | 30 (11.4) | 41 (8.4) | 1.20 (0.74–1.95) | 0.460 | 1.03 (0.61–1.76) | 0.905 |
Administrative staff | 89 (21.3) | 38 (14.4) | 75 (15.4) | 1.06 (0.71–1.57) | 0.787 | 0.72 (0.46–1.14) | 0.166 |
Variable | Descriptive Statistics | Logistic Model, Reference: Group 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (n = 936) | Group 2 (n = 233) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 34.7 ± 8.9 | 38.5 ± 9.4 | ||
Age (years) | ||||
20–40 | 588 (62.8) | 105 (45.1) | Reference | |
≥40 | 348 (37.2) | 128 (54.9) | 1.80 (1.31–2.47) | <0.001 |
Male sex | 136 (14.5) | 47 (20.2) | 1.66 (1.02–2.68) | 0.040 |
Alcohol consumption | 845 (90.3) | 224 (96.1) | 2.04 (1.00–4.18) | 0.051 |
Working hours/week | 46.9 ± 10.4 | 45.7 ± 7.8 | ||
Working hours/week | ||||
≤40 | 378 (40.4) | 102 (43.8) | Reference | |
41–49 | 271 (29.0) | 64 (27.5) | 0.84 (0.59–1.21) | 0.358 |
≥50 | 287 (30.7) | 67 (28.8) | 0.83 (0.57–1.21) | 0.332 |
Profession type | ||||
Nurse | 584 (62.4) | 122 (52.4) | Reference | |
Physician | 112 (12.0) | 24 (10.3) | 0.76 (0.40–1.43) | 0.391 |
Other medical staff | 89 (9.5) | 36 (15.5) | 1.38 (0.87–2.20) | 0.171 |
Administrative staff | 151 (16.1) | 51 (21.9) | 1.16 (0.78–1.74) | 0.460 |
Variable | Descriptive Statistics | Logistic Model, Reference: Group 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 (n = 1014) | Group 2 (n = 155) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 35.6 ± 9.2 | 34.5 ± 8.5 | ||
Age (years) | ||||
20–40 | 592 (58.4) | 101 (65.2) | Reference | |
≥40 | 422 (41.6) | 54 (34.8) | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.078 |
Male sex | 159 (15.7) | 24 (15.5) | 1.06 (0.58–1.95) | 0.850 |
Alcohol consumption | 927 (91.4) | 142 (91.6) | 1.15 (0.62–2.15) | 0.661 |
Working hours/weeks | 46.4 ± 9.6 | 47.9 ± 11.9 | ||
Working hours/weeks | ||||
≤40 | 422 (41.6) | 58(37.4) | Reference | |
41–49 | 287 (28.3) | 48 (31.0) | 1.25 (0.82–1.89) | 0.300 |
≥50 | 305 (30.1) | 49 (31.6) | 1.27 (0.82–1.97) | 0.289 |
Profession type | ||||
Nurse | 610 (60.2) | 96 (61.9) | Reference | |
Physician | 118 (11.6) | 18 (11.6) | 0.85 (0.41–1.77) | 0.670 |
Other medical staff | 106 (10.5) | 19 (12.3) | 1.25 (0.71–2.19) | 0.441 |
Administrative staff | 180 (17.8) | 22 (14.2) | 0.87 (0.52–1.46) | 0.593 |
Descriptive Statistics | Logistic Model, Reference: Group 1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |||
Variable | (n = 769) | (n = 165) | (n = 235) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
Age (years) | 34.5 ± 9.1 | 35.2 ± 8.4 | 38.8 ± 8.9 | ||||
Age (years) | |||||||
20–40 | 480 (62.4) | 107 (64.8) | 106 (45.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
≥40 | 289 (37.6) | 58 (35.2) | 129 (54.9) | 0.82 (0.56–1.21) | 0.314 | 2.07 (1.48–2.89) | <0.001 |
Male sex | 68 (8.8) | 39 (23.6) | 76 (32.3) | 3.35 (1.89–5.93) | <0.001 | 5.42 (3.26–9.02) | <0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 696 (90.5) | 155 (93.9) | 218 (92.8) | 1.74 (0.86–3.51) | 0.122 | 1.14 (0.63–2.08) | 0.663 |
Working hours/week | 45.7 ± 8.5 | 46.9 ± 11.3 | 49.5 ± 12.5 | ||||
Working hours/week | |||||||
≤40 | 329 (42.8) | 68 (41.2) | 83 (35.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
41–49 | 224 (29.1) | 52 (31.5) | 59 (25.1) | 1.17 (0.78–1.77) | 0.440 | 1.07 (0.72–1.58) | 0.741 |
≥50 | 216 (28.1) | 45 (27.3) | 93 (39.6) | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) | 0.723 | 1.30 (0.88–1.91) | 0.188 |
Profession type | |||||||
Nurse | 498 (64.8) | 90 (54.5) | 118 (50.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
Physician | 64 (8.3) | 25 (15.2) | 47 (20.0) | 0.97 (0.48–1.98) | 0.943 | 0.83 (0.44–1.56) | 0.561 |
Other medical staff | 78 (10.1) | 25 (15.2) | 22 (9.4) | 1.42 (0.83–2.45) | 0.205 | 0.65 (0.36–1.14) | 0.133 |
Administrative staff | 129 (16.8) | 25 (15.2) | 48 (20.4) | 0.90 (0.54–1.52) | 0.697 | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 0.544 |
Metabolic and Obesity Phenotype/Latent Classes | BMI at Wave 1 | BMI at Wave 4 | Change (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
MHNO | ||||
Group 1 | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 27.3 ± 3.9 | 0.90 (0.68, 1.11) | <0.001 |
Group 2 | 21.9 ± 2.3 | 23.3 ± 2.5 | 1.39 (1.12, 1.66) | <0.001 |
Group 3 | 20.3 ± 2.0 | 21.1 ± 2.0 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.95) | <0.001 |
MUNO | ||||
Group 1 | 23.2 ± 4.2 | 24.2 ± 4.3 | 1.01 (0.88, 1.14) | <0.001 |
Group 2 | 21.3 ± 1.9 | 22.1 ± 1.8 | 0.83 (0.63, 1.03) | <0.001 |
MHOO | ||||
Group 1 | 22.4 ± 4.0 | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 0.90 (0.78, 1.02) | <0.001 |
Group 2 | 25.6 ± 2.5 | 27.1 ± 2.6 | 1.45 (1.09, 1.81) | <0.001 |
MUOO | ||||
Group 1 | 21.0 ± 2.4 | 21.7 ± 2.4 | 0.78 (0.66, 0.89) | <0.001 |
Group 2 | 24.1 ± 2.4 | 26.6 ± 2.5 | 2.42 (2.11, 2.74) | <0.001 |
Group 3 | 28.1 ± 3.8 | 28.7 ± 3.7 | 0.60 (0.27, 0.94) | <0.001 |
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Chang, H.-Y.; Chang, J.-H.; Chang, Y.-F.; Wu, C.-H.; Yang, Y.-C. Metabolic and Obesity Phenotype Trajectories in Taiwanese Medical Personnel. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 8184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138184
Chang H-Y, Chang J-H, Chang Y-F, Wu C-H, Yang Y-C. Metabolic and Obesity Phenotype Trajectories in Taiwanese Medical Personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):8184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138184
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Hsin-Yun, Jer-Hao Chang, Yin-Fan Chang, Chih-Hsing Wu, and Yi-Ching Yang. 2022. "Metabolic and Obesity Phenotype Trajectories in Taiwanese Medical Personnel" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 8184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138184