A Parent-Focused Creative Approach as a Treatment for a High-Functioning Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Korea: A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Case Description
3.1. Clinical Profile
3.2. Diagnostic Formulation
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Art-Based Assessments
4.2. April’s Individual Therapeutic Education Plan (ITEP)
4.2.1. Parental Education and Counseling Plan
4.2.2. Art therapy with April
5. Results
5.1. Progress
5.1.1. Sessions 1–6: Initial Stage
5.1.2. Sessions 7–17: Active Stage 1
5.1.3. Sessions 18–31: Active Stage 2
5.1.4. Sessions 31–37: Termination Stage
5.2. Treatment Outcome
5.3. Follow-Up Monitoring
6. Discussion
6.1. Two-Way Approach: Parent Involvement in Therapies with Children with ASD
6.2. Emotional Development: Connecting Affect and Cognition with Art
6.3. Art and Creativity: Natural Behavior for Human Development
7. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
# | Issue | Long-Term Goal | Immediate Short-Term Goal | Objectives | Interventions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Language Delay | Communication | (a) Build verbal expression including understanding of meaning of words (b) Practice intonation and pronunciation (c) Build confidence in making sounds | (a) Make verbal responses (b) Use words (c) Build self-confidence | (a) Drawing while singing (b) Making a talking book (c) Parent education on using books, stories in play and using pictures for communication |
2 | Lack of expressive language | Emotions Expression | (a) Decrease anxiety with strangers (people other than parents) (b) Build self-confidence with others | (a) Build a foundation for expressive language, starting from emotional safety with others and confidence | (a) Expressing “self” in art play with chosen art materials (b) Interacting with diverse art materials (c) Expressing feelings and emotions through art |
3 | Problematic Behaviors | Emotions Regularization | (a) Change (behavioral) responses based on learning of emotions (b) Build self-regularization pattern | (a) Initiate behavioral change based on behavioral analysis assisted by parental observation and record (Appendix B) | (a) Parental observation and analysis of behavior patterns and life schedule (b) Parent education on reshaping behaviors |
4 | Lack of Interaction | Emotions Interactions | (a) Meet and make contact with new figures (strangers) in life (b) Initiate with others | (a) Build comfortable/safe feeling with others (b) Learn self-emotional status when being with others (c) Build responses with others | (a) Making a self-representation (doll-making) and theatrical play with the doll in various situations (b) Learning boundaries through art play with paints and other art materials (c) Building a safety zone with art |
5 | Lack of Socialization including peer relationship | Sharing Socialization Regularization Adaptation | (a) Adapt/learn to adjust in new social spaces and environments other than the home (b) Trying social activities and extracurricular activities (e.g., group music therapy program) | (a) Learn social cues, manners, and behaviors (b) Understand own feelings with others (c) Build self-confidence in social situations with others in strange/unfamiliar places (d) Understand different roles and others’ (e.g., friends) points of view | (a) Playing with self-representation figure (i.e., doll) by placing the figure in various situations and drawing feelings (b) Making a safe mask for pretend play with masks in social situations (c) Scripting and acting (stage playing) with animal friends (d) Parent education on outside and extracurricular activities to expand social boundaries, e.g., regular visits to places such as the playground and theme parks |
6 | Sleeping Disturbance | Anxiety | (a) Change sleep pattern (b) Ease anxiety in nighttime | (a) Build new sleep pattern based on sleep schedule analysis by parents’ observation (b) Build sleep rituals and self-habits at nighttime (c) Learn relaxation skills | (a) Talking about and drawing dreams (b) Decorating and building a safe sleep zone (c) Making a worry doll (d) Parent education on ritual-building before sleep |
Appendix B
Week | Psychoeducation | Art-Based Counseling Topic |
---|---|---|
1, 2 | General information about ASD and April’s issues and treatment goals | Anxiety and worries |
3, 4 | Importance of emotional development in children with ASD | Helen’s fears and need of help (including sleeping problems and caring for April) |
5, 6 | Importance of parent support to change for development in children with ASD | Couples’ counseling |
7, 8 | Use of art for communication, expression, interaction, and socialization in children with ASD (learn basics about home art therapy) | Changes for the home environment |
9, 10 | Build safety, boundaries, and attachment through art and play with children | Initiating the changes |
11, 12 | Express emotions and build relationships (learn the importance of and ways to build the parent–child relationship) | Learning to relax, communicate, and express (art journaling for the personal process) |
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Park, J.E.J. A Parent-Focused Creative Approach as a Treatment for a High-Functioning Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Korea: A Case Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137836
Park JEJ. A Parent-Focused Creative Approach as a Treatment for a High-Functioning Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Korea: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137836
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Jung Eun Jeanne. 2022. "A Parent-Focused Creative Approach as a Treatment for a High-Functioning Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Korea: A Case Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137836
APA StylePark, J. E. J. (2022). A Parent-Focused Creative Approach as a Treatment for a High-Functioning Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Korea: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137836