Development and Validation of Huffaz ProHealth 1.0©: A Module to Improve the Well-Being of Tahfiz Students in Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. ETHICS
2.2. PHASE I
2.2.1. Study Design
2.2.2. Study Location
2.2.3. Sampling
2.2.4. Procedure
2.3. PHASE II
2.3.1. Study Design
Content Validity
Feasibility
2.3.2. Study Location
3. Results
3.1. Phase I
3.2. Phase II
3.2.1. Content Validity
3.2.2. Feasibility Expectations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Part | Calculation Method | Formula/Statistical Analysis | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
I | Item-level Content Validity Index (I–CVI) | Polit et al., (2007) [10], Norlia & Faizah (2016) [15] | |
II | Content Validity Level | Sidek & Jamaludin (2005) [12], Clayton (2009) [9], Mat Rasik & Ismail (2019) [16], Zaharen, Saper & Nasir (2019) [17] | |
III | Effectiveness of Module | Generalized Linear Model-Mixed Design ANOVA | - |
Demographic Data of Tahfiz School Students | ||
---|---|---|
Demographic Data | Category | Frequency, n (%) |
Age (years) | 12 | 1 (5 %) |
13 | 4 (20%) | |
14 | 3 (15%) | |
15 | 9 (45%) | |
16 | 2 (10%) | |
17 | 1 (5%) | |
Tahfiz school | Maahad Tahfiz A | 20 (100%) |
Study period (years) | 0–3 | 15 (75%) |
4–6 | 4 (20%) | |
>6 | 1 (5%) | |
Level of Al-Quran memorization (juzuk) | 0–10 | 12 (60%) |
11–20 | 7 (35%) | |
12–30 | 1 (5%) | |
Demographic Data of Tahfiz School Teachers | ||
Demographic Data | Category | Frequency, n (%) |
Age (years) | 20–29 | 7 (58.33%) |
30–39 | 4 (33.33%) | |
40–49 | 1 (8.33%) | |
Tahfiz school | Maahad Tahfiz B | 6 (50%) |
Maahad Tahfiz C | 6 (50%) | |
Teaching experience (years) | 0–3 | 5 (41.67%) |
4–6 | 4 (33.33%) | |
7–9 | 2 (16.67%) | |
>9 | 1 (8.33%) | |
Education level | Secondary/religious school | 5 (41.67%) |
Diploma/STPM/Certificates | 4 (33.33%) | |
Degree | 2 (16.67%) | |
Others | 1 (8.33%) |
Tahfiz School Students and Teacher’s Responses on the Physical Health Aspect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Teachers | Students | ||
Response | n (%) | Response | n (%) | |
Understanding of physical health | Healthy, no chronic diseases Active and energetic Healthy, fit and focus while studying Healthy, high immunity Physically and mentally healthy Not sure | 2 (16.7%) 3 (25.0%) 2 (16.7%) 1 (8.33%) 2 (16.7%) 2 (16.7%) | Active/healthy lifestyle practice Healthy body Healthy brain Healthy eating Help in learning Not sure | 9 (45.0%) 4 (20.0%) 3 (15.0%) 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) |
Exercise is important for health | Yes | 12 (100%) | Yes No Not sure | 17 (85.0%) 1 (5.0%) 2 (10.0%) |
Benefits of healthy physical activity | Body sweating Enhance brain memorization Refresh and nourish the body Make wake up early in the morning easier Increase fitness and focus Reduce stress Physically and mentally healthy Important | 2 (16.7%) 3 (25.0%) 2 (16.7%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) | Prevent diseases Sharpen the brain Enhance the Quran memorization Make the body healthy and fit Body sweating Supplying energy Not sure | 1 (5.0%) 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) 6 (30.0%) 3 (15.0%) 1 (5.0%) 6 (30.0%) |
Practice on physical activity and exercise | Yes No Not sure | 10 (50.0%) 8 (40.0%) 2 (10.0%) | ||
Time spent for exercise in a week (hours) | <1 1–2 2–3 >3 | 4 (20.0%) 10 (50.0%) 5 (25.0%) 1 (5.0%) | ||
Exercise affect Al-Quran memorization | Yes | 12 (100%) | Yes No Not sure | 12 (60.0%) 4 (20.0%) 4 (20.0%) |
Effect of exercise on Al-Quran memorization? | Maintain body fitness Enhance intelligence Enhance memorization capacity Reduce stress Not affected. excessive exercise makes students lazy Not sure | 3 (25.0%) 4 (33.3%) 1 (8.3%) 2 (16.7%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) | Make the body healthy and fit Sharpen the brain Reduce stress Enhance the Quran memorization Not affected. Exercise is just tiring Not affected. The brain is only affected by nutrition Not sure | 4 (20.0%) 6 (30.0%) 1 (5.0%) 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) 5 (25.0%) |
Tahfiz School Students and Teacher’s Responses on the Healthy Diet Aspect | ||||
Item | Teachers | Students | ||
Response | n (%) | Response | n (%) | |
Understanding of healthy diet | Nutritious Halal and clean Guarantee health A diet that follows the teaching of the Prophet | 5 (41.7%) 2 (16.7%) 4 (33.3%) 1 (8.3%) | Helps in memorization Nutritious Healthy body Complete nutrition Healthy mind Do not know/Not sure | 3 (15.0%) 4 (20.0%) 2 (10.0%) 5 (25.0%) 1 (5.0%) 5 (25.0%) |
A healthy diet is essential for health, learning and memorization | Agree | 12 (100%) | Agree Disagree Not sure | 18 (90.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (10.0%) |
Selection and consumption of a healthy diet affect the performance of memorization | Yes | 12 (100%) | Yes No Not sure | 18 (90.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) |
Effects of a healthy diet on the performance of memorization | Improve memorization performance Emphasis on the concept of “halalan toyyiban” To prevent dangerous diseases | 8 (66.7%) 3 (25.0%) 1 (8.3%) | Helps in memorization Produce healthy body Create healthy mind Don’t know/Not sure | 8 (40.0%) 2 (10.0%) 3 (15.0%) 7 (35.0%) |
Practice on a healthy diet | Yes No Not sure | 5 (41.7%) 3 (25.0%) 4 (33.3%) | Yes No Not sure | 4 (20.0%) 9 (45.0%) 7 (35.0%) |
Tahfiz School Students and Teacher’s Responses on the Psychological Well-Being Aspect | ||||
Item | Teachers | Students | ||
Response | n (%) | Response | n (%) | |
Emotion affects Students’ Memorization | Yes No Not sure | 12 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) | Yes No Not sure | 13 (65.0%) 2 (10.0%) 5 (25.0%) |
Effects of Emotion on Students’ Memorization | Difficult memorization affects emotion Anxiety disturbs memorization Calmness important in memorization Stress affects memorization | 2 (16.7%) 3 (25.0%) 4 (33.3%) 3 (25.0%) | Emotion would affect memorization Sad emotion disturbs memorization Stress can affect memorization Calmness important in memorization Others Not sure | 7 (35.0%) 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) 2 (10.0%) 7 (35.0%) |
Students’ emotion was affected by relationships with parents, teachers and others | Yes No Not sure | 12 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) | Yes No Not sure | 16 (80.0%) 2 (10.0%) 2 (10.0%) |
Effects of relationships with parents, teachers and others on students’ emotion | Good relationship stabilizes emotion Support and a positive environment reduce discipline problem and increase focus A bad relationship affects emotions and focus Parents and teachers help in building positive emotions | 5 (41.7%) 1 (8.3%) 2 (16.7%) 4 (33.3%) | A good relationship leads to success A good relationship ensures peacefulness Not sure | 11 (55%) 4 (20.0%) 5 (25.0%) |
Students’ frequency of feeling sad and angry | Never Rarely Sometimes Too often All the time | 2 (16.7%) 2 (16.7%) 8 (66.7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) | Never Rarely Sometimes Too often All the time | 5 (25.0%) 4 (20.0%) 8 (40.0%) 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) |
Actions taken by students when sad or angry | Express to teachers/friends Crying Adding spiritual practice Being alone/depression Angry/Breaking the rules Not focused on memorizing | 4 (33.3%) 1 (8.3%) 2 (16.7%) 3 (25.0%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) | Adding spiritual practice Do enjoyable activities Crying Sleep Self-hitting Hiding feelings/loneliness Not sure | 6 (30.0%) 3 (15.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) 1 (5.0%) 6 (30.0%) 2 (10.0%) |
Demographic Data | Experts (n = 5) | Teachers (n = 7) |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 1 (20%) | 6 (85.7%) |
Female | 4 (80%) | 1 (14.3%) |
Education backgrounds | ||
Diploma | - | 2 (28.6%) |
Bachelor’s degree | - | 3 (42.9%) |
Master’s degree | - | 1 (14.3%) |
Doctor of Philosophy | 5 (100%) | 1 (14.3%) |
Component | I–CVI | Acceptance |
---|---|---|
Physical health | ||
Deep breathing exercises | 0.92 | Accepted |
Correct body posture | 1.00 | Accepted |
Stretching exercises | 0.92 | Accepted |
Eye exercises | 1.00 | Accepted |
Muscle resistance exercises | 1.00 | Accepted |
Nutrition | ||
Quarter quarter half concept | 1.00 | Accepted |
Food pyramid | 1.00 | Accepted |
Food hygiene and safety | 1.00 | Accepted |
Healthy menu planning | 0.92 | Accepted |
Psychological well-being | ||
Time and stress management seminars | 0.92 | Accepted |
Tahfiz peer mentor | 0.75 | Accepted |
Feelings expression box | 0.92 | Accepted |
Counseling on demand | 0.83 | Accepted |
Component | Mean ± SD | CVI (%) | Acceptance |
---|---|---|---|
Physical health | |||
Content | 21.33 ± 3.60 | 79.00 | Accepted |
Principle of motivation | 4.75 ± 1.21 | 79.00 | Accepted |
Literacy | 9.83 ± 1.70 | 81.94 | Accepted |
Layout and typography | 12.75 ± 2.22 | 85.00 | Accepted |
Graphic | 7.75 ± 1.42 | 86.11 | Accepted |
Nutrition | |||
Content | 22.58 ± 3.87 | 83.64 | Accepted |
Principle of motivation | 4.58 ± 0.90 | 76.39 | Accepted |
Literacy | 10.00 ± 1.86 | 83.33 | Accepted |
Layout and typography | 10.08 ± 1.73 | 67.22 | Not accepted |
Graphic | 7.83 ± 1.40 | 87.04 | Accepted |
Psychological well-being | |||
Content | 16.50 ± 3.12 | 61.11 | Not accepted |
Principle of motivation | 4.33 ± 1.23 | 72.22 | Accepted |
Literacy | 10.50 ± 1.88 | 87.50 | Accepted |
Layout and typography | 12.17 ± 2.29 | 81.11 | Accepted |
Graphic | 7.42 ± 1.50 | 82.41 | Accepted |
Component | Agree (%) | Strongly Agree (%) | Mean ± SD | Acceptance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical health | 41.67 | 58.33 | 2.58 ± 0.51 | Accepted |
Nutrition | 41.67 | 58.33 | 2.58 ± 0.51 | Accepted |
Psychological well-being | 33.33 | 66.67 | 2.67 ± 0.51 | Accepted |
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Ishak, I.; Abdul Rahim, N.N.; Salim, N.I.; Teuku Husaini, C.U.N.S.; Jamaludin, I.; Mohamad Khalid, H.; Ahmad Lutfi, N.A.; Afzaruddin, S.S.; Ghazali, A.R.; Mat Ludin, A.F.; et al. Development and Validation of Huffaz ProHealth 1.0©: A Module to Improve the Well-Being of Tahfiz Students in Selangor, Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7718. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137718
Ishak I, Abdul Rahim NN, Salim NI, Teuku Husaini CUNS, Jamaludin I, Mohamad Khalid H, Ahmad Lutfi NA, Afzaruddin SS, Ghazali AR, Mat Ludin AF, et al. Development and Validation of Huffaz ProHealth 1.0©: A Module to Improve the Well-Being of Tahfiz Students in Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7718. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137718
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshak, Ismarulyusda, Nurul Najwa Abdul Rahim, Noor Idaya Salim, Cut Ulfah Nihayati Sholeha Teuku Husaini, Izzati Jamaludin, Hafidzoh Mohamad Khalid, Nur Adeena Ahmad Lutfi, Sayyidah Syathiroh Afzaruddin, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, and et al. 2022. "Development and Validation of Huffaz ProHealth 1.0©: A Module to Improve the Well-Being of Tahfiz Students in Selangor, Malaysia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7718. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137718