Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: Current Knowledge
5. Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year | Mean Age (Years) | Cancer Type (n) | Cancer Stage 1 | Cancer Treatment | Energy Expenditure (kcal/Day) Measured Predicted | Abnormalities in Energy Metabolism | Technique/Equation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bowman et al., 1936 [17] | 54 | Ovarian (n = 2); Cervical (n = 27); Tubal (n = 1); Uterine (n = 5); Vaginal (n = 2); Vulvar (n = 1) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Hypermetabolism 2 Deviation from “normal 3” ranged from −13.6% to +53.5%; average deviation: +9.14% | Benedict–Roth apparatus/not specified |
Dickerson et al., 1995 [18] | Cervical: 55 Ovarian: 58 | Cervical (n = 30); Ovarian (n = 31) | I-II: Cervical (n = 15); Ovarian (n = 1) III-IV: Cervical (n = 10); Ovarian (n = 27) Unknown: Cervical (n = 5); Ovarian (n = 3) | Not reported | Ovarian: 1332 ± 214 Cervical: 1179 ± 181 | Ovarian: 1234 ± 115 Cervical: 1203 ± 118 | Hypometabolic: 21% Hypermetabolic: 34% Normometabolic: 45% | Indirect calorimetry (device not specified)/Harris–Benedict |
de la Maza et al., 2001 [20] | n/A 4 | Cervical (n = 10); Endometrial (n = 3); Uterine (n = 1); Vaginal cupula (n = 1) | IB: Cervical (n = 5) IC: Endometrial (n = 2) II: Endometrial (n = 1) IIB: Cervical (n = 3) IIIB: Cervical (n = 2) Unknown: Uterine (n = 1); Vaginal cupula (n = 1) | 45–50 Gy of pelvic external radiation over 5 weeks | Pre-treatment 5: 1673 ± 488 Post-treatment 5: 1585 ± 275 | Not reported or possible to calculate | Pre-treatment: Hypermetabolism (measured REE 125% of predicted) Post-treatment: Not reported | Sensor Medic model 2900 calorimeter/Harris–Benedict |
de la Maza et al., 2004 [19] | 49 | Cervical (n = 10); Endometrial (n = 3); Uterine (n = 1); Vaginal cupula (n = 1) | IB: Cervical (n = 5) IC: Endometrial (n = 2) II: Endometrial (n = 1) IIB: Cervical (n = 3) IIIB: Cervical (n = 2) Unknown: Uterine (n = 1); Vaginal cupula (n = 1) | 45–50 Gy of pelvic external radiation over 5 weeks (n = 15) and post-external ratiation intracavitary radiotherapy (n = 14) and/or surgery prior to external radiation (n = 7) | Pre-treatment 5,6: 1690 ± 231 Post-treatment: 1644 ± 292 Two years post-treatment: 1287 ± 175 | Pre-treatment 5,6: 1363 Post-treatment: 1359 Two years post-treatment: 1399 | Hypermetabolism (pre- and post-treatment); normometabolism two years post-treatment | Sensor Medic model 2900 calorimeter/Harris–Benedict |
Macciò et al., 2012 [21] | 60 | Ovarian (n = 50); Endometrial (n = 49); Cervical (n = 25) | IIIC: Ovarian (n = 5) IV: Ovarian (n = 45); Endometrial (n = 49); Cervical (n = 25) | Previous chemotherapy (n = 124) and/or ongoing palliative chemotherapy (n = 90) | Baseline (prior to intervention): Arm 1: 1166 ± 440 Arm 2: 1157 ± 279 | Baseline (prior to intervention) 7: Arm 1: 1146 Arm 2: 1155 | Normometabolism | Medgem®/Harris–Benedict |
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Pagano, A.P.; Ford, K.L.; Porter Starr, K.N.; Kiss, N.; Steed, H.; Kung, J.Y.; Elango, R.; Prado, C.M. Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116419
Pagano AP, Ford KL, Porter Starr KN, Kiss N, Steed H, Kung JY, Elango R, Prado CM. Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116419
Chicago/Turabian StylePagano, Ana Paula, Katherine L. Ford, Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Nicole Kiss, Helen Steed, Janice Y. Kung, Rajavel Elango, and Carla M. Prado. 2022. "Energy Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers: A Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116419