Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Zhundong Region, Xinjiang, NW China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Region
2.2. Data Sources and Preprocessing
2.2.1. Data Sources
2.2.2. Data Preprocessing
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Classification of Land Use
2.3.2. Calculation of NDVI
2.3.3. Identification of Ecological Sources Based on MSPA Method
2.3.4. Selection of Ecological Sources Based on Landscape Connectivity Index
2.3.5. Construction of Resistance Surface
2.3.6. Construction of Ecological Corridors
2.3.7. Identification of Ecological Nodes
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Ecological Sources Using MSPA
3.2. Analysis of Ecological Source Extraction Based on Landscape Connectivity
3.3. Resistance Surface
3.4. Landscape Ecological Security Pattern
3.4.1. Ecological Corridors
3.4.2. Ecological Nodes
4. Discussion
4.1. Landscape Pattern Characteristics
4.2. Ecological Sources Optimization
4.3. Ecological Security Pattern Construction Optimization
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- From 2016 to 2021, the ecological source area in the Zhundong region increased by 117.86 ha, and the connectivity also increased. The main land-use types of the ecological sources were water bodies and vegetation, which gradually changed from a dense distribution in the Huangcao Lake area and near Lake Jiji in the south to the nature reserves in the north and Wucaiwan New Town in the northwest.
- (2)
- From 2016 to 2021, the numbers of ecological corridors and ecological nodes decreased, and the ecological corridors with a dense distribution in the south gradually moved to the north and west. The length of the ecological corridors in the south steadily increased, and the number of ecological corridors connecting the east and west in the north increased. Most of the ecological nodes were located near construction land and roads, which had relatively fragile ecological functions, and they gradually spread from the vicinity of Lake Jiji in the south to Wucaiwan in the northwest and the nature reserves in the north.
- (3)
- In this study, the landscape ecological security pattern of Zhundong, including the ecological sources, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes, was constructed using the MSPA method and the MCR model. The results of this study lay a foundation for optimizing the landscape ecological security pattern in the study area and provides a scientific basis for the protective development and ecological management of local coal resources.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Generation Date | Product Type | Relative Orbit | Tile Identifier |
---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 05-23 | S2MSI1C | 76 | 46TCQ |
07-02 | 76 | T45TYJ | ||
07-15 | 119 | T45TYK | ||
07-15 | 119 | T45TYL | ||
07-15 | 119 | T45TXK | ||
2021 | 07-21 | S2MSI2A | 76 | 46TCQ |
07-21 | 76 | T46TCR | ||
07-24 | 119 | T45TXK | ||
07-24 | 119 | T45TYK | ||
07-24 | 119 | T45TYJ | ||
07-26 | 76 | T46TCP | ||
08-03 | 119 | T45TYL |
Importance Scale aij | Description |
---|---|
1 | Two factors have the same importance |
3 | i is slightly more important than j |
5 | i is more important than j |
7 | i is much more important than j |
9 | i is extremely more important than j |
2, 4, 6, 8 | scale median |
Indicators | Land Use Classification | NDVI | Slope | DEM | Distance to Road | Distance to Coal Mine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land use classification | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 3 |
NDVI | 1/5 | 1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/3 |
Slope | 1/7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1/5 | 1/5 |
DEM | 1/7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1/5 | 1/5 |
Distance to road | 1/3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Distance to coal mine | 1/3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Landscape Type/Year | Total Area (ha) | Percentage of the Ecological Land (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2021 | 2016 | 2021 | |
core | 2625.09 | 2166.20 | 45.30 | 59.22 |
Islet | 766.79 | 329.88 | 13.23 | 9.02 |
Perforation | 36.22 | 32.88 | 0.63 | 0.90 |
Edge | 1523.57 | 810.79 | 26.29 | 22.17 |
Loop | 74.68 | 26.41 | 1.29 | 0.72 |
Bridge | 177.49 | 59.86 | 3.06 | 1.64 |
Branch | 591.12 | 231.93 | 10.20 | 6.34 |
Patch Number | dIIC | dPC | Area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|
15 | 72.03 | 71.25 | 463.58 |
11 | 19.78 | 19.56 | 242.90 |
22 | 2.00 | 2.14 | 67.6 |
26 | 1.07 | 1.33 | 48.66 |
24 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 59.14 |
18 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 36.97 |
20 | 0.57 | 0.76 | 11.07 |
0 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 14.03 |
27 | 0.37 | 0.64 | 17.03 |
29 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 41.97 |
Patch Number | dIIC | dPC | Area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|
15 | 72.03 | 71.25 | 463.58 |
11 | 19.78 | 19.56 | 242.90 |
22 | 2.00 | 2.14 | 67.6 |
26 | 1.07 | 1.33 | 48.66 |
24 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 59.14 |
18 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 36.97 |
20 | 0.57 | 0.76 | 11.07 |
0 | 0.34 | 0.66 | 14.03 |
27 | 0.37 | 0.64 | 17.03 |
29 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 41.97 |
Resistance Factor | Classification | Resistance Value | Weight |
---|---|---|---|
Land use classification | vegetation | 1 | |
water bodies | 50 | ||
unused land | 200 | 0.4289 | |
construction land | 400 | ||
coal mine land | 500 | ||
NDVI | [−1, 0) | 100 | 0.0437 |
[0, 0.2) | 500 | ||
[0.2, 0.4) | 350 | ||
[0.4, 0.6) | 250 | ||
[0.6, 0.8) | 125 | ||
[0.8, 1) | 1 | ||
Slope (°) | [0, 5) | 100 | 0.0604 |
[5, 15) | 200 | ||
[15, 25) | 300 | ||
[25, 35) | 400 | ||
[35, 90) | 500 | ||
DEM (m) | [0, 300) | 100 | 0.0604 |
[300, 400) | 200 | ||
[400, 500) | 300 | ||
[500, 800) | 400 | ||
[800, ∞) | 500 | ||
Distance to road/coal mine (m) | [0, 200) | 500 | 0.2033 |
[200, 400) | 400 | ||
[400, 600) | 300 | ||
[600, 800) | 200 | ||
[800, ∞) | 100 |
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Jiang, J.; Abulizi, A.; Abliz, A.; Zayiti, A.; Akbar, A.; Ou, B. Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Zhundong Region, Xinjiang, NW China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106301
Jiang J, Abulizi A, Abliz A, Zayiti A, Akbar A, Ou B. Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Zhundong Region, Xinjiang, NW China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106301
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Jiao, Abudukeyimu Abulizi, Abdugheni Abliz, Abudoukeremujiang Zayiti, Adila Akbar, and Bin Ou. 2022. "Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern in the Zhundong Region, Xinjiang, NW China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106301