A Preliminary Study of SARS-CoV-2’s Permanence and Potential Infective Capacity in Mineromedicinal Waters of Copahue, Neuquén, Argentina
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mineromedicinal Water Analysis
2.2. Determination of Virus Permanence: Test I
2.3. Determination of SARS-CoV-2’s Infective Capacity: Test II
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Copahue, Mineromedicinal Waters and Biology
3.2. Virus Permanence
3.3. Infective Capacity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chancho’s Lagoon | Green Lagoon | Sulfurous Lagoon | Sulfurous Bath 7/8 Water | Mate Water | Sulfurous Water | Volcan Water | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 2.3 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 2.8 |
Conductivity µS cm−1 | 3082 | 1857 | 1210 | 421.1 | 520 | 775 | 44,390 |
Redox Potentia mV | −65 | 135 | 170 | −204 | −104 | −328 | 427 |
Temperature | 35.4 | 29.6 | 54 | 41.9 | 60.2 | 51.5 | 69 |
Cl− | 6.55 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 627.9 |
SO42− | 1437 | 482.6 | 586.3 | 33.6 | 50.9 | 11.3 | 23,207.5 |
CO2 gas | nd | nd | nd | 19.8 | 59.4 | 2.0 | nd |
H2S gas | nd | nd | nd | 2.3 | nd | 0.1 | nd |
F- | 0.31 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 49.9 |
NO3− | nd | nd | nd | 16.0 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 |
HCO3− | nd | nd | nd | 201.3 | 231.8 | 463.6 | 0.0 |
SH− | nd | nd | nd | 1.2 | nd | nd | nd |
Na+ | 52.7 | 15.4 | 29.3 | 33.6 | 30.2 | 50.5 | 1174.5 |
K+ | 21.21 | 11.4 | 19.1 | 16.5 | 20.9 | 27.1 | 772.3 |
Sr2+ | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Ca2+ | 76.96 | 24.5 | 44.6 | 30.2 | 34.6 | 49.6 | 752.1 |
Li+ | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.4 |
NH4+ | 134.52 | 15.4 | 54.8 | nd | 5.1 | 3.3 | nd |
Mg2+ | 15.55 | 4.8 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 25.6 | 553.2 |
Fe total | 31.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 82.00 |
Group | Water Procedence | Remaining Viral Load Range (RVL) after 3 h of Incubation |
---|---|---|
A | Green Lagoon | 40% > RLV < 44% |
B | Mate Water Sulfurous Lagoon | 30% > RLV < 36% |
C | Sulfurous Bath 7/8 Water Sulfurous Water | 20% > RLV < 23% |
D | Volcan Water | 11% = RLV |
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Vela, M.L.; Masachessi, G.; Giaveno, M.A.; Roca Jalil, M.E.; Castro, G.; Cachi, A.M.; Marinzalda, M.d.l.Á.; Zugarramurdi, A.; Baschini, M. A Preliminary Study of SARS-CoV-2’s Permanence and Potential Infective Capacity in Mineromedicinal Waters of Copahue, Neuquén, Argentina. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105923
Vela ML, Masachessi G, Giaveno MA, Roca Jalil ME, Castro G, Cachi AM, Marinzalda MdlÁ, Zugarramurdi A, Baschini M. A Preliminary Study of SARS-CoV-2’s Permanence and Potential Infective Capacity in Mineromedicinal Waters of Copahue, Neuquén, Argentina. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):5923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105923
Chicago/Turabian StyleVela, María Lorena, Gisela Masachessi, María Alejandra Giaveno, Maria Eugenia Roca Jalil, Gonzalo Castro, Ariana Mariela Cachi, María de los Ángeles Marinzalda, Ana Zugarramurdi, and Miria Baschini. 2022. "A Preliminary Study of SARS-CoV-2’s Permanence and Potential Infective Capacity in Mineromedicinal Waters of Copahue, Neuquén, Argentina" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 5923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105923