Impact of Water Regimes and Amendments on Inorganic Arsenic Exposure to Rice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Trials
2.2. Soil Sample Collection and Measurement of Soil Properties
2.3. Determination of Soil-Extractable As
2.4. Plant Sample Collection
2.5. Digestion Procedure
2.6. Determination of Inorganic As Species in Rice Grain
2.7. Instruments and Quality Control
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Paddy Soil As
3.2. Total As in Rice
3.3. Grain Inorganic As Speciation
3.4. Correlations of As Concentrations in Rice Grains and Soil Chemical Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Paddy Soil As Response to Water Regimes and Amendments
4.2. Inorganic As response in Rice to Water Regimes and Amendments
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Sand (%) | 25.2 |
Silt (%) | 34.9 |
Clay (%) | 39.9 |
Texture | Clay loam |
pH | 7.59 |
Organic carbon (%) | 0.81 |
Amorphous Fe (g·kg−1) DCB-extracted Fe (g·kg−1) | 1.92 5.43 |
Total As (mg·kg−1) | 11.62 |
Factors | Soil As (mg·kg−1) | |
---|---|---|
Water regime | ||
Flooded | 0.33 ± 0.06 a | |
Aerobic | 0.21 ± 0.08 b | |
Soil amendments | ||
Control | 0.31 ± 0.035 a | |
Silicon + NPK | 0.29 ± 0.045 ab | |
Iron + NPK | 0.27 ± 0.051 c | |
Silicon + FYM | 0.29 ± 0.028 ab | |
Iron + FYM | 0.23 ± 0.019 d | |
Silicon + VC | 0.30 ± 0.058 ab | |
Iron + VC | 0.26 ± 0.028 c | |
p-Value | Water regime | 0.0005 |
Soil amendments | <0.0001 | |
Water regime × soil amendments | <0.0001 |
Rice Grain | Soil Properties | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Soil-Extractable As | Available Si | Amorphous Fe | DCB-Extracted Fe | |
Arsenite | 0.80 *** | −0.64 *** | −0.86 *** | −61 ** |
Arsenate | 0.79 *** | −0.38 * | −0.88 *** | −86 *** |
Sum of As species | 0.84 *** | −0.55 ** | −0.92 *** | −83 *** |
Total As | 0.87 *** | −0.65 ** | −0.92 *** | −64 ** |
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Majumder, S.; Biswas, P.K.; Banik, P. Impact of Water Regimes and Amendments on Inorganic Arsenic Exposure to Rice. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094643
Majumder S, Biswas PK, Banik P. Impact of Water Regimes and Amendments on Inorganic Arsenic Exposure to Rice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):4643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094643
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajumder, Supriya, Pabitra Kumar Biswas, and Pabitra Banik. 2021. "Impact of Water Regimes and Amendments on Inorganic Arsenic Exposure to Rice" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094643