Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Exploring rates of parent-reported social-emotional difficulties in young children in a clinical sample (referred to child services and awaiting clinical assessment) and infants in a non- clinical sample (attending mother and toddler groups in the community)
- Exploring predictors of social-emotional adjustment in young children within an Irish context
- Building a predictive model of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, maternal psychological wellbeing and social-emotional outcomes in infants and toddlers.
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design and Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Demographic Information
2.3.2. Social-Emotional Adjustment
2.3.3. Parenting Behaviour
2.3.4. Satisfaction and Efficacy in Parenting Role
2.3.5. Confidence in Infant Care
2.3.6. Negative Emotional Symptomatology
2.3.7. Power Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overview
3.2. Correlation Matrix
3.3. Hierarchical Multiple Regression
3.4. Predictive Model 1: Social-Emotional Problems
3.5. Predictive model 2: Social-Emotional Competencies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measure | Clinical Sample (n = 39) | Non-Clinical Sample (n = 33) | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t(df)/U | ||
PSOC Satisfaction | 37.44 | 7.51 | 40.83 | 6.94 | −1.69(70) | 0.048 |
DASS Depression | 2.90 | 3.26 | 2.27 | 3.12 | ||
DASS Anxiety | 2.10 | 2.67 | 1.20 | 2.19 | 506.5 | 0.05 |
DASS Stress | 5.28 | 3.26 | 4.30 | 3.21 | ||
PBC Expectations | 25.74 | 6.69 | 27.94 | 8.71 | ||
PBC Discipline | 13.97 | 5.26 | 13.0 | 5.22 | ||
PBC Nurturance | 31.92 | 5.26 | 34.12 | 4.13 | 475.5 | 0.028 |
TCQ Parenting Efficacy | 149.21 | 21.40 | 160.03 | 13.94 | 459.0 | 0.018 |
BITSEA Problems | 15.67 | 9.91 | 8.24 | 6.28 | 258.5 | 0.00 |
BITSEA Competencies | 15.06 | 3.70 | 17.15 | 2.94 | 381.0 | 0.005 |
Predictor | B | Std. Error | Beta | p< | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Block 1 | |||||
Constant | 22.974 | 3.118 | |||
Non/Clinical sample | −7.445 | 2.023 | −0.410 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
Block 2 | |||||
Constant | 35.310 | 9.883 | |||
Non/Clinical sample | −6.374 | 1.835 | −0.351 | ||
PBC Nurturance | 0.031 | 0.236 | 0.017 | ||
PBC Discipline | −0.016 | 0.219 | −0.008 | ||
PSOC Satisfaction | −0.695 | 0.137 | −0.561 | ||
TCQ Total | 0.079 | 0.054 | 0.166 | 0.001 | 0.43 |
Block 3 | |||||
Constant | 18.857 | 10.005 | |||
Non/Clinical sample | −6.172 | 1.600 | −0.340 | 0.001 | |
PBC Nurturance | 0.031 | 0.206 | 0.017 | ||
PBC Discipline | 0.049 | 0.192 | 0.025 | ||
PSOC Satisfaction | −0.307 | 0.152 | −0.248 | 0.05 | |
TCQ Total | 0.064 | 0.047 | 0.134 | ||
DASS Depression | 1.128 | 0.399 | 0.395 | 0.01 | |
DASS Anxiety | 1.061 | 0.490 | 0.289 | 0.05 | |
DASS Stress | −0.462 | 0.437 | −0.165 | 0.001 | 0.59 |
Predictor | B | Std. Error | Beta | p< | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Block 1 | |||||
Constant | 12.993 | 1.250 | |||
Non/Clinical sample | 2.102 | 0.811 | 0.302 | 0.05 | 0.091 |
Block 2 | |||||
Constant | 2.344 | 3.845 | |||
Non/Clinical sample | 1.243 | 0.825 | 0.179 | ||
TCQ Total | 0.051 | 0.022 | 0.276 | 0.05 | |
PBC Expectation | 0.091 | 0.051 | 0.201 | ||
PBC Nurturance | 0.050 | 0.087 | 0.070 | 0.05 | 0.211 |
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Coyle, S.; Sarma, K.M.; Maguire, C.; De Flumere, L. Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062861
Coyle S, Sarma KM, Maguire C, De Flumere L. Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(6):2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062861
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoyle, Sabrina, Kiran M. Sarma, Catherine Maguire, and Leora De Flumere. 2021. "Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062861