Value Conflicts in Designing for Safety: Distinguishing Applications of Safe-by-Design and the Inherent Safety Principles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Cyanide Research
Miniaturization
4. Designing for Safety
4.1. Inherent Safety
4.2. Safe-by-Design
5. Comparative Analysis
5.1. Internal Conflicts within the ISPs
5.1.1. Inherent Safety vs. Performance
5.1.2. Inherent Safety vs. the Environment
5.1.3. Inherent Safety vs. the Inherent Safety Principles
5.1.4. Hazard vs. Hazard
5.2. Internal Conflicts within Safe-by-Design
5.3. Lock-ins
5.4. Differentiating the ISPs and SbD
6. Assigning Types of Research
6.1. Technology Readiness Levels
6.2. Applicability to Domains
7. Conclusions
Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TRL | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Idea | Concept formulated | Proof of Concept | Preliminary Process Development | Detailed Process Development | Pilot Trials | Final Engineering | Commissioning | Production |
Description | Opportunities identified, basic research translated into possible applications (e.g., by brainstorming, literature study). | Technology concept and/or application formulated, patent research conducted. | Applied laboratory research started, functional principle/reaction (mechanism) proven, predicted reaction observed (qualitatively). | Concept validated in laboratory environment, scale-up preparation started, conceptual process design (e.g., based on simulation with simple models). | Shortcut process models found, simple property data analysed, detailed simulation of process and pilot plant using bench scale information. | Pilot plant constructed and operated with low rate production, products tested in application. | Parameter and performance of pilot plant optimized, (optional) demo plant constructed and operating, equipment specification including components that are type conferrable to full-scale production. | Products and processes integrated in organizational structure (hardware and software), full-scale plant constructed, start-up initiated. | Full-scale plant audited (site acceptance test), turn-key plant, production operated over the full range of expected conditions in industrial scale and environment, performance guarantee enforceable. |
Workplace | Sheets of paper (physical or digital), whiteboard or similar. | Sheets of paper (physical or digital), whiteboard or similar. | Laboratory. | Laboratory/ Miniplant. | Laboratory/ miniplant. | Pilot plant, technical centre. | Pilot plant, technical centre, (optional) demo plant (potentially incorporated in production site). | Production site. | Production site. |
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Bouchaut, B.; Asveld, L.; Hanefeld, U.; Vlierboom, A. Value Conflicts in Designing for Safety: Distinguishing Applications of Safe-by-Design and the Inherent Safety Principles. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041963
Bouchaut B, Asveld L, Hanefeld U, Vlierboom A. Value Conflicts in Designing for Safety: Distinguishing Applications of Safe-by-Design and the Inherent Safety Principles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041963
Chicago/Turabian StyleBouchaut, Britte, Lotte Asveld, Ulf Hanefeld, and Alexander Vlierboom. 2021. "Value Conflicts in Designing for Safety: Distinguishing Applications of Safe-by-Design and the Inherent Safety Principles" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041963
APA StyleBouchaut, B., Asveld, L., Hanefeld, U., & Vlierboom, A. (2021). Value Conflicts in Designing for Safety: Distinguishing Applications of Safe-by-Design and the Inherent Safety Principles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1963. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041963