Psychological Distress and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent–Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Psychological Distress and Cyberbullying in Disasters
1.2. Moderating Effects of Parent–Child Relationships
1.3. Moderated Moderating Effect of Negotiable Fate
1.4. The Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Psychological Distress
2.2.2. Parent–Child Relationships
2.2.3. Negotiable Fate
2.2.4. Cyberbullying
2.2.5. Covariate Variables
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. The Moderating Effect and Moderated Moderating Effect
4. Discussion
4.1. The Effects of Psychological Distress on Cyberbullying in Multiple Disasters
4.2. The Moderated Moderating Effects of Negotiable Fate and Parent–Child Relationships
4.3. The Moderating Effects of Parent–Child Relationships
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
1. Psychological distress | 1 | ||||||
2. PCRs | −0.33 ** | 1 | |||||
3. Negotiable fate | −0.18 ** | 0.27 ** | 1 | ||||
4. Cyberbullying | 0.15 ** | −0.14 ** | −0.14 * | 1 | |||
5. Gender (Male = 1) | 0.11 * | −0.10 ** | 0.01 | −0.00 | 1 | ||
6. Grade | −0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 1 | |
7. Victimization | 0.21 ** | −0.18 ** | −0.03 | 0.19 ** | 0.02 | −0.03 | 1 |
M | 16.56 | 16.25 | 4.68 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.89 | 0.07 |
SD | 18.23 | 3.38 | 0.95 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.28 |
Variables | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
Outcomes = Cyberbullying | ||||||
Psychological distress | 0.03 | 0.01 | 2.30 | 0.02 * | 0.01 | 0.06 |
PCRs | −0.03 | 0.01 | −2.09 | 0.04 * | −0.05 | −0.001 |
Negotiable fate | −0.05 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.00 ** | −0.08 | −0.03 |
Psychological distress × PCRs | 0.002 | 0.01 | −3.86 | 0.85 | −0.02 | 0.02 |
Psychological distress × Negotiable fate | −0.04 | 0.01 | −2.81 | 0.01 * | −0.06 | −0.01 |
PCRs × Negotiable fate | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.72 | −0.02 | 0.02 |
Psychological distress × PCRs × Negotiable fate | −0.02 | 0.01 | −2.18 | 0.03 * | −0.03 | −0.001 |
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Zhang, Y.; Xu, C.; Dai, H.; Jia, X. Psychological Distress and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent–Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312279
Zhang Y, Xu C, Dai H, Jia X. Psychological Distress and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent–Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(23):12279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312279
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yuchi, Chengpei Xu, Hanyue Dai, and Xiaoyu Jia. 2021. "Psychological Distress and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent–Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23: 12279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312279