Characterization of IL-2 Stimulation and TRPM7 Pharmacomodulation in NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Channel Co-Localization with PIP2 in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Isolation and Natural Killer Cell Purification
2.3. Interleukin-2 Stimulation and Drug Treatment
2.4. Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity Assay
2.5. Co-Localization of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 with Actin and Phosphoinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate in Natural Killer Cells
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Demographics
3.2. Baseline Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity
3.3. Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity Post-Interleukin-2 Stimulation and Drug Treatment
3.4. Co-Localization of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 with Actin
3.5. Co-Localization of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 with Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
References
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Category | Item | HC | ME/CFS | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
General demographics | Age (years) | 48.1 ± 2.1 | 48.5 ± 2.0 | 0.7264 |
Gender | ||||
Male (%, n) | 23.5, 5 | 23.5, 5 | ||
Female (%, n) | 76.5, 13 | 76.5, 13 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 0.9 | 25.2 ± 1.0 | 0.3435 | |
WHODAS | Understanding and communication | 7.1 ± 2.0 | 41.6 ± 3.1 | **** |
Mobility | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 38.2 ± 6.2 | **** | |
Self-care | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 18.4 ± 4.9 | *** | |
Interpersonal relationships | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 33.5 ± 5.0 | **** | |
Life activities | 7.4 ± 3.5 | 62.5 ± 6.2 | **** | |
Participation in work/school | 7.4 ± 3.7 | 12.6 ± 5.1 | 0.4555 | |
Participation in society | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 52.2 ± 5.1 | **** | |
Illness demographic (SF-36) | Pain (%) | 90.7 ± 3.2 | 37.5 ± 5.1 | **** |
Physical functioning (%) | 92.7 ± 4.7 | 47.6 ± 6.4 | **** | |
Role physical (%) | 93.8 ± 2.7 | 25.0 ± 5.5 | **** | |
General health (%) | 80.6 ± 2.7 | 27.2 ± 3.3 | **** | |
Social functioning (%) | 89.7 ± 6.2 | 27.2 ± 4.7 | **** | |
Role emotional (%) | 95.1 ± 2.4 | 63.7 ± 6.9 | *** | |
Wellbeing | 74.8 ± 3.5 | 43.9 ± 2.8 | **** | |
Full blood count | White blood cells | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 0.5454 |
Lymphocytes | 1.70 ± 0.15 | 1.85 ± 0.09 | 0.1243 | |
Neutrophils | 3.77 ± 0.39 | 3.26 ± 0.27 | 0.3524 | |
Monocytes | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.2778 | |
Eosinophils | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.8048 | |
Basophils | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.3378 | |
Platelets | 265 ± 19 | 242 ± 9 | 0.2085 | |
Red blood cells | 4.51 ± 0.09 | 4.57 ± 0.12 | 0.6645 | |
Hematocrit | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.01 | 0.3416 | |
Hemoglobin | 131 ± 3 | 137 ± 3 | 0.2628 |
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Du Preez, S.; Eaton-Fitch, N.; Cabanas, H.; Staines, D.; Marshall-Gradisnik, S. Characterization of IL-2 Stimulation and TRPM7 Pharmacomodulation in NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Channel Co-Localization with PIP2 in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211879
Du Preez S, Eaton-Fitch N, Cabanas H, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Characterization of IL-2 Stimulation and TRPM7 Pharmacomodulation in NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Channel Co-Localization with PIP2 in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22):11879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211879
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu Preez, Stanley, Natalie Eaton-Fitch, Helene Cabanas, Donald Staines, and Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik. 2021. "Characterization of IL-2 Stimulation and TRPM7 Pharmacomodulation in NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Channel Co-Localization with PIP2 in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22: 11879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211879