Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Instrument and Operationalization
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analyses
3.2. Relationship between Life Events and Taking Up LTPA in the Life Course
3.3. Relationship between Life Events and Terminating LTPA in the Life Course
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Future Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Variable | Number of Events | % of Persons in the Sample | |
---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | |||
Taking up LTPA | 514 | 24% | |
Terminating LTPA | 260 | 12.1% | |
Independent variables | |||
Familial life domain | |||
Starting a relationship (12–72 years) | 339 | 16% | |
Ending a relationship (12–72 years) | 281 | 14% | |
Becoming a parent (15–54 years) | 418 | 13.8% | |
Occupational life domain | |||
Starting vocational training (15–44 years) | 355 | 21.2% | |
Starting a job (15–70 years) | 1324 | 42.9% | |
Ending a job (15–70 years) | 1537 | 40.2% | |
Retirement (50–72 years) | 552 | 29.7% | |
Simultaneously occurring life events (15–70 years) | |||
1 | 2623 | 73% | |
2 | 913 | 32.5% | |
3+ | 165 | 7.2% | |
Variable | n(%) | Mean | SD |
Control variables | |||
Time invariant: Sex | |||
Male (0) | 738 (39.7%) | ||
Female (1) | 1119 (60.3%) | ||
Time invariant: Level of education (1–5) | |||
Compulsory school (1) | 183 (9.9%) | ||
Secondary school/lower professional education (2) | 758 (40.8%) | ||
Higher professional education leaving certificate (3) | 329 (17.7%) | ||
Technical college (4) | 302 (16.3%) | ||
University (5) | 285 (15.3%) | ||
Time varying: Previous (in)activity duration (1–15) 1 | |||
Previous activity duration | 24,209 | 13.12 | 3.92 |
Previous inactivity duration | 3029 | 9.33 | 5.81 |
Time varying: Quotient active years 1 | 27,238 | 0.64 | 0.21 |
Time varying: Age group 1 | |||
until 29 (ref.) | 4311 (15.83%) | ||
30–44 | 4939 (18.13% | ||
45–59 | 10,903 (40.03%) | ||
60–76 | 7085 (26.01%) | ||
Additional information about the sample | |||
Always physically active (over 16 years) | 1338 (72.1%) | ||
Always physically inactive (over 16 years) | 63 (3.4%) | ||
At the time of the survey physically active | 1741 (93.8%) |
Life Event | Taking Up LTPA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | Logit | SE | P | |
Familial life domain | ||||
Starting a relationship (12–72 years) 1,2 | 804 | 0.64 | 0.51 | 0.21 |
Ending a relationship (12–72 years) 1 | 1586 | 1.31 | 0.44 | 0.003 * |
Becoming a parent (15–54 years) 1 | 1391 | −1.06 | 0.45 | 0.02 * |
Occupational life domain | ||||
Starting vocational training (15–44 years) 1,2 | 759 | −0.05 | 0.46 | 0.91 |
Starting a job (15–70 years) 1,2 | 2025 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.63 |
Ending a job (15–70 years) 1,2 | 1995 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.54 |
Retirement (50–72 years) 1 | 935 | 1.49 | 0.44 | <0.001 * |
Simultaneously occurring life events (15–70 years) | ||||
Simul. occurring life events × age group (ref. = 1; <30 y) | 2149 | −0.15 | 0.19 | 0.43 |
age group 2 (30–44 y) | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.42 | |
age group 3 (45–59 y) | 0.67 | 0.29 | 0.02 * | |
age group 4 (60–70 y) | 1.20 | 0.42 | 0.004 * |
Life Event | Terminating LTPA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | Logit | SE | P | |
Familial life domain | ||||
Starting a relationship (12–72 years) 1,2 | 5427 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.16 |
Ending a relationship (12–72 years) | ||||
Ending a relationship × sex (ref. = men) | 17,741 | 1.71 | 0.57 | 0.003 * |
sex (women) | –2.52 | 1.17 | 0.03 * | |
Becoming a parent (15–54 years) 3 | ||||
Becoming a parent × age group (ref. = 1; <30 y) × sex (ref. = men) | 12,689 | −1.89 | 1.25 | 0.13 |
age group 2 (30–44 y) | 1.57 | 0.72 | 0.03 * | |
age group 3 (45–54 y) | 2.50 | 1.34 | 0.06 | |
sex (women) | 3.15 | 1.09 | 0.004 * | |
Occupational life domain | ||||
Starting vocational training (15–44 years) | ||||
Starting voc. training × age group (ref. = 1; <30 y) | 5385 | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.68 |
age group 2 (30–44 y) | 1.90 | 0.66 | 0.004 * | |
Starting a job (15–70 years) 1,2 | 19,690 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 0.93 |
Ending a job (15–70 years) 1 | 19,355 | 0.82 | 0.22 | <0.001 * |
Retirement (50–72 years) 1 | 10,653 | –0.36 | 0.74 | 0.62 |
Simultaneously occurring life events (15–70 years) | ||||
Simul. occurring life events × age group (ref. = 1; <30 y) | 21,783 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.04 * |
age group 2 (30–44 y) | 0.53 | 0.21 | 0.01 * | |
age group 3 (45–59 y) | –0.13 | 0.28 | 0.63 | |
age group 4 (60–70 y) | 0.09 | 0.47 | 0.84 |
Life Event | Taking Up LTPA | Terminating LTPA |
---|---|---|
Familial life domain | ||
Starting a relationship (12–72 years; RQ 1) | No relationship | No relationship |
Ending a relationship (12–72 years; RQ 1) | ↑ | ↑ For men |
Becoming a parent (15–54 years; H 1) | ↓ | ↑ For women, with an increasing effect with age |
Occupational life domain | ||
Starting a vocational training (15–44 years; RQ 2) | No relationship | ↑ For 30–44 years old |
Starting a job (15–70 years; RQ 2) | No relationship | No relationship |
Ending a job (15–70 years; RQ 2) | No relationship | ↑ |
Retirement (50–72 years; H2) | ↑ | No relationship |
Simultaneously occurring life events (15–70 years; RQ 3) | ↑ For 45–70 years old | ↑ For 15–44 years old |
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Lenze, L.; Klostermann, C.; Lamprecht, M.; Nagel, S. Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189809
Lenze L, Klostermann C, Lamprecht M, Nagel S. Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189809
Chicago/Turabian StyleLenze, Lars, Claudia Klostermann, Markus Lamprecht, and Siegfried Nagel. 2021. "Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189809