Role-Based Cyberbullying Situations: Cybervictims, Cyberaggressors and Cyberbystanders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instrument
2.3. Design and Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Students Involved in Cyberbyllying Episodes
3.2. Prevalence of Cyberbullying According to the Valuations of Victims, Aggressors and Bystanders
3.3. Most Prevalent Behaviors Reported in the Three Roles
3.4. Relation between Cybervictimization, Cyberaggression and Cyberbystanding
4. Discussion
- Sending offensive, insulting messages by mobile phone or over the internet;
- Anonymous calls aimed at frightening;
- Slanderous statements on the internet, character-smearing lies;
- Making offensive, insulting calls by mobile phone or over the internet;
- Blackmail or threats via messages or calls.
5. Conclusions
Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Victims | Aggressors | Bystanders | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never | Sometimes | Often | Always | Never | Sometimes | Often | Always | Never | Sometimes | Often | Always | |
Items | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) | F (%) |
1 | 692 (72.8) | 218 (22.9) | 27 (2.8) | 13 (1.4) | 831 (87.5) | 110 (11.6) | 6 (0.6) | 3 (0.3) | 522 (55.1) | 302 (31.9) | 107 (11.3) | 17 (1.8) |
2 | 794 (83.7) | 124 (13.1) | 27 (2.8) | 4 (0.4) | 895 (94.2) | 50 (5.3) | 4 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 613 (64.7) | 251 (26.5) | 73 (7.7) | 11 (1.2) |
3 | 924 (97.6) | 18 (1.9) | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 939 (98.9) | 10 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 766 (80.6) | 119 (12.5) | 46 (4.8) | 13 (1.4) |
4 | 897 (94.4) | 44 (4.6) | 6 (0.6) | 3 (0.3) | 916 (96.4) | 30 (3.2) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 670 (70.8) | 206 (21.8) | 57 (6) | 13 (1.4) |
5 | 917 (96.5) | 28 (2.9) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.4) | 934 (98.3) | 15 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 754 (79.5) | 139 (14.7) | 43 (4.5) | 12 (1.3) |
6 | 738 (77.8) | 165 (17.4) | 36 (3.8) | 10 (1.1) | 862 (90.7) | 77 (8.1) | 8 (0.8) | 3 (0.3) | 639 (67.5) | 211 (22.3) | 75 (7.9) | 22 (2.3) |
7 | 837 (88.1) | 92 (9.7) | 15 (1.6) | 6 (0.6) | 916 (96.4) | 30 (3.2) | 4 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 727 (76.8) | 156 (16.5) | 48 (5.1) | 16 (1.7) |
8 | 911 (96.1) | 29 (3.1) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 944 (99.5) | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 870 (91.6) | 56 (5.9) | 13 (1.4) | 6 (0.6) |
9 | 904 (95.2) | 36 (3.8) | 8 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | 941 (99.1) | 8 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 818 (86.1) | 91 (9.6) | 35 (3.7) | 3 (0.3) |
10 | 842 (88.6) | 96 (10.1) | 10 (1.1) | 2 (0.2) | 933 (98.2) | 16 (1.7) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 756 (79.9) | 132 (14) | 49 (5.2) | 9 (1) |
11 | 927 (97.7) | 19 (2) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 940 (98.9) | 9 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 751 (79.3) | 141 (14.9) | 41 (4.3) | 14 (1.5) |
12 | 895 (94.3) | 42 (4.4) | 9 (0.9) | 3 (0.3) | 940 (99.1) | 8 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 774 (81.8) | 126 (13.3) | 32 (3.4) | 14 (1.5) |
13 | 913 (96.1) | 34 (3.6) | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 939 (98.8) | 10 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 821 (86.7) | 93 (9.8) | 24 (2.5) | 9 (0.9) |
14 | 911 (95.9) | 29 (3.1) | 9 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 939 (98.9) | 8 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 852 (90.1) | 68 (7.2) | 22 (2.3) | 4 (0.4) |
15 | 784 (82.7) | 119 (12.6) | 33 (3.5) | 12 (1.3) | 932 (98.2) | 14 (1.5) | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 679 (71.7) | 162 (17.7) | 68 (7.2) | 38 (4) |
1 | 2 | 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
1. Cybervictimization | |||
2. Cyberaggression | 0.39 * | ||
3. Cyberbystander | 0.53 * | 0.38 * | |
4. Cyberaggressive-cybervictim | 0.94 * | 0.68 * | 0.56 * |
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González-Calatayud, V.; Espinosa, M.P.P. Role-Based Cyberbullying Situations: Cybervictims, Cyberaggressors and Cyberbystanders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168669
González-Calatayud V, Espinosa MPP. Role-Based Cyberbullying Situations: Cybervictims, Cyberaggressors and Cyberbystanders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168669
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Calatayud, Víctor, and María Paz Prendes Espinosa. 2021. "Role-Based Cyberbullying Situations: Cybervictims, Cyberaggressors and Cyberbystanders" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168669