The Link between Individual Personality Traits and Criminality: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Screening and Selection Process
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Psychopathy
3.2. Low Self-Control
3.3. Difficult Temperament
4. Limitations and Direction for Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Author(s) | Year | Sample | Measures | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Beaver, K.M., Boutwell, B.B., Barnes, J.C., Vaughn, M.G., DeLisi, M. [1] | 2017 | 90,000 adolescents—National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health | Psychopathy, personality trait | Psychopathic personality traits increase the probability of being arrested, incarcerated, and sentenced for both male and female adolescents. |
2. | Brown, W. [2] | 2016 | 500 respondents | Low self-control, crime, punishment | Individual with low self-control tend to be less meticulous, prefer simple tasks that would require little commitment, short sighted, and lack of self-determination. |
3. | Bo, S., Pedersen, L., Christensen, K.B., Rasmussen, K. [3] | 2019 | 225 male forensic psychiatric patients and prisoners from three treatment institutions in eastern Denmark | Psychopathy, antisocial behaviour | Psychopathic traits increase the risk of violence, especially traits such as impulsivity, irresponsibility, and antisocial behaviour (PCL scales factors 3 and 4). |
4. | Traynham, S., Kelley, A.M., Long, C.P., Britt, T.W. [4] | 2019 | 310 incarcerated male U.S. army soldiers and 310 nonincarcerated male army soldiers from Fort Rucker, Alabama area | Psychopathy, suicidal ideation, PTSD, criminal behaviour | PTSD symptoms had a direct effect on incarceration status, and significant indirect effects through suicidal ideation among incarcerated male army soldiers. |
5. | Jones, D.N., Hare, R.D. [5] | 2016 | 150 respondents | Psychopathy, lifestyle, antisocial behaviour | Individuals who score high for the psychopathy measure (usually > 30 on the PCL-R) are more likely of being short-tempered and unable to empathise. |
6. | Cunha, O., Braga, T., Goncalves, R.A. [6] | 2018 | 52 batterers from Portugal aged between 22 and 70 years old | Psychopathy, criminal behaviour, intimate partner violence | Psychopathy leads to intimate partner violence. |
7. | Gatner, D.T., Blanchard, A.J.E., Douglas, K.S., Lilienfeld, S.O. [7] | 2016 | 1742 African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic psychopathic offenders | Psychopathy, criminal behaviour | Psychopathic personality traits show reasonable validity across African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic cultural groups. |
8. | Nigel, S.M., Dudeck, M., Otte, S., Knauer, K., Klein, V., Böttcher, T., Maaß, C., Vasic, N., Streb, J. [8] | 2018 | 164 male and female forensic inpatients with substance-related disorders | Psychopathy, empathy, general personality traits, violent crimes of substance-abusing offenders | Substance-abusing violent offenders display a distinct pattern of personality characteristics (associated with high neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness). |
9. | Tharshini, N.K., Ibrahim, F. [9] | 2020 | 73 meta-analyses | Psychopathy, low self-control, crime behaviour | Psychopathy construct is associated with emotional and behavioural disturbance, criminal recidivism, sexual recidivism, and instrumental violence. |
10. | Tharshini, N.K. [10] | 2019 | 73 meta-analyses | Genetic, personality traits, antisocial behaviour | Genetic and aggression factor strongly leads to antisocial behaviour. |
11. | Boccio, C.M., Beaver, K.M. [11] | 2016 | 90,000 adolescents—National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health | Psychopathy, personality trait | Psychopathy is associated with involvement with violent behaviour. |
12. | Carabellese, F., Felthous, A.R., Mandarelli, G., Montalbo, D., La Tegola, D., Rossetto, I. Franconi, F., Catanesi, R. [12] | 2019 | 25 Italian female murderers with psychotic personalities | Psychopathy, crime, homicide | Psychopathy is more evident among female homicide offenders who had been abused or traumatized. |
13. | Chen, S., Plouffe, R.A. [13] | 2020 | 70 meta-analyses | Psychopathy, crime behaviour | 1% of the general population exhibits psychopathic tendency whereas 15–25% of the prisoner population display these characteristics. |
14. | Trulson, C.R., Haerle, D.R., Caudill, J.W., DeLisi, M. [14] | 2016 | 100 meta-analyses | Psychopathy, crime behaviour | Individuals with psychopathic traits begin their criminal activities at a young age and continue to engage in antisocial behaviour throughout their lifespan. |
15. | Prospero-Luis, J., Moreira, P.S., Paiva, T.O., Teixeira, C.P., Costa, P., Almeida, P.R. [15] | 2017 | 91 male inmates convicted for theft | Psychopathy, crime behaviour | Psychopathic traits are associated with reduced expectancy of negative outcomes and increased expectancy of positive outcomes as a consequence of reoffending among male inmates. |
16. | DeLisi, M., Fox, B.H., Fully, M., Vaughn, M.G. [16] | 2018 | 252 juvenile offenders (violence and non-violence delinquency) | Temperament, psychopathy, violence, delinquency | Temperament is the main risk factor for violent and non-violent delinquency. |
17. | Edwards, B., Verona, E. [17] | 2016 | 171 community-dwelling women offenders, and 319 women with histories of drug use and/or violence | Sexual risk taking, psychopathic traits, antisocial behaviour | Impulsive antisocial traits associated with sexual risk taking among women offenders. |
18. | Verona, E., Vitale, J. [18] | 2018 | 274 meta-analyses | Psychopathy, borderline personality disorder, impulsivity | Psychopathic females have significant level of impulsivity—a trait often being associated with borderline personality disorder. |
19. | Ivert, A., Andersson, F., Svensson, R., Pauwels, L.J.R., Levander, M.T. [19] | 2018 | 481 girls and boys aged between 16 and 17 years old | Self-control, antisocial behaviour | Moral values and self-control are significantly correlated with offending among both girls and boys. |
20. | Tornquist, M., Miles, E. [20] | 2019 | 253 White, Asian/Asian, American/Asian European, Black/African, American/African European, Hispanic/Latino participants | Self-control, criminal behaviour | Individuals with poor self-control are more likely to engage in a wider range of criminal behaviour such as computer-related crimes and associating with gangs. |
21. | Forrest, W., Hay, C., Widdowson, A.O., Rocque, M. [21] | 2019 | 1979 youths between 10 and 30 years old (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) | Low self-control, risk seeking, impulsivity | High level of risk-seeking and impulsivity contributes towards involvement in criminal activities among youths. |
22. | Mata, R., Frey, R., Richter, D., Schupp, J., Hertwig, R. [22] | 2018 | 92 meta-analyses | Low self-control, fraud-related behaviours | Individuals with a low level of self-control engage in activities that provide immediate gratification such as shoplifting and fraud-related behaviours. |
23. | Wendel, B.E., Rocque, M., Posick, C. [23] | 2020 | 1744 private college student | Self-control, impulsivity, risky behaviour | Low self-control and high level of impulsivity is strongly related to socially undesirable behaviour such as smoking and risky drinking among college students. |
24. | Stifter, C., Dollar, J. [24] | 2016 | 36 meta-analyses | Temperament, antisocial behaviour | Children who throw tantrums will usually react negatively to people around them and have a low level of bonding with their parents; eventually they develop various forms of psychopathology problems, including antisocial behaviour. |
25. | Kamaluddin, M.R., Mohammad Shariff, N.S., Mohd Nasir, N.C., Abdul Hamid, A.S, Mat Saat, G.A., Rathakrishnan, B. [25] | 2019 | 140 male adults | Self-control aggression, low socioeconomic status | The result evidenced statistically significant correlation between self-control and aggression levels (r = 0.444, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.57; p < 0.001). |
26. | Foulds, J., Boden, J., Horwood, J., Mulder, R. [26] | 2017 | 962 general population aged 35 years old and 1025 general population aged 18 years old | Novelty seeking, antisocial behaviour | Alcohol and substance use mediates the association between novelty seeking and antisocial behaviours in early adulthood among general populations between 18–35 years old. |
27. | Healey, D.M., Rajendran, K., O’Neill, S., Gopin, C.B., Halperin, J.M. [27] | 2016 | 114 pre-schoolers aged between 3 and 5 years old | Temperament | Higher verbal executive (HVE) is associated with better child functioning when parent-rated effortful control (EC) is high. |
28. | Nigg, J.T. [28] | 2017 | 63 meta-analyses | Temperament, aggressive, delinquent behaviour | Individual with low regularity of behaviour (rhythmicity) are more aggressive and delinquent compared to individual with high regularity of behaviour. |
29. | Dos Santos, M.A., de Freitas e Castro, J.M., de Freitas Lino Pinto Cardoso, C.S. [29] | 2020 | 69 caregivers, 81 boys | Temperament, morality, parenting behaviour | Low parenting skills and negative moral emotions lead to temperament and morality issues during childhood among boys. |
30. | Wolff, K.T., Baglivio, M.T., Klein, H.J., Piquero, A.R., DeLisi, M., Howell, J.C. [30] | 2020 | 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) | Adverse childhood experiences, gang involvement, temperament | ACEs effect towards gang involvement, substance abuse, and difficult temperament among juvenile offenders. |
31. | Perez, M.M., Jennings, W.G., Baglivio, M.T. [31] | 2018 | 64,329 youths | Serious violence, chronic delinquency, adverse childhood experiences | The relationship between childhood adversity and SVC delinquency is mediated by maladaptive personality traits and adolescent problem behaviours. |
32. | Tharshini, N.K., Ibrahim, F., Zakaria, E. [32] | 2020 | 306 young offenders undergoing community service order | Demographic profile and perpetrator experience in committing crime | Majority of the young offenders are 20 years old, single in marital status, and employed. |
33. | Kamaluddin, M.R., Othman, A., Ismail, K., Mat Saat, G.A. [33] | 2017 | 71 male murderers incarcerated in 11 prisons within peninsular Malaysia | Psychological traits, types of weapons used among the murderers | Aggression and self-serving cognitive distortion are common psychological traits among murderers who use single and multiple weapons to commit crime. |
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Tharshini, N.K.; Ibrahim, F.; Kamaluddin, M.R.; Rathakrishnan, B.; Che Mohd Nasir, N. The Link between Individual Personality Traits and Criminality: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168663
Tharshini NK, Ibrahim F, Kamaluddin MR, Rathakrishnan B, Che Mohd Nasir N. The Link between Individual Personality Traits and Criminality: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168663
Chicago/Turabian StyleTharshini, N. K., Fauziah Ibrahim, Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin, Balan Rathakrishnan, and Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir. 2021. "The Link between Individual Personality Traits and Criminality: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168663
APA StyleTharshini, N. K., Ibrahim, F., Kamaluddin, M. R., Rathakrishnan, B., & Che Mohd Nasir, N. (2021). The Link between Individual Personality Traits and Criminality: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168663