How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age | 2.14 | 1.12 | |||||||
2. Gender | 1.78 | 0.42 | −0.06 | ||||||
3. Income | 2.34 | 1.27 | 0.03 | −0.08 * | |||||
4. Incivility | 2.45 | 0.75 | 0.03 | −0.06 | −0.04 | ||||
5. Stress | 2.98 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.12 ** | 0.30 ** | |||
6. Gratitude | 3.89 | 0.63 | −0.07 * | 0.15 ** | 0.00 | −0.10 ** | −0.01 | ||
7. Psychological distress | 2.45 | 0.72 | 0.08 * | 0.01 | −0.04 | 0.37 ** | 0.52 ** | −0.20 ** |
Model | χ2 | df | Δ χ2 | RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Four-factor model IN, ST, GR, PS | 502.17 | 203 | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.04 | |
Three-factor model IN + ST, GR, PS | 2289.18 | 206 | 1787.01 ** | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.12 |
Two-factor model IN + ST + GR, PS | 3793.65 | 208 | 3291.48 ** | 0.14 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.16 |
One factor model IN + ST + GR + PS | 4759.14 | 209 | 4256.97 ** | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.16 |
Psychological Distress | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
Control Variables | |||
Age | 0.09 ** (0.00) | 0.06 * (0.04) | 0.06 * (0.04) |
Gender | 0.01 (0.58) | 0.04 (0.22) | 0.04 (0.27) |
Income | −0.05 (0.15) | 0.02 (0.47) | 0.02 (0.49) |
Predictors | |||
Incivility | 0.22 ** (0.00) | 0.22 ** (0.00) | |
Stress | 0.46 ** (0.00) | 0.46 ** (0.00) | |
Gratitude | −0.18 ** (0.00) | −0.17 ** (0.00) | |
Incivility × Gratitude | 0.07 * (0.02) | ||
Stress × Gratitude | −0.05 (0.11) | ||
Δ R2 | 0.01 ** (0.00) | 0.35 ** (0.00) | 0.01 * (0.02) |
F | 2.82 * (0.03) | 83.11 ** (0.00) | 63.32 ** (0.00) |
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Huang, N.; Qiu, S.; Alizadeh, A.; Wu, H. How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093237
Huang N, Qiu S, Alizadeh A, Wu H. How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093237
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Naizhu, Shaoping Qiu, Amin Alizadeh, and Hongchao Wu. 2020. "How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093237
APA StyleHuang, N., Qiu, S., Alizadeh, A., & Wu, H. (2020). How Incivility and Academic Stress Influence Psychological Health among College Students: The Moderating Role of Gratitude. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093237