The Impact of Online Health Information on Patient Health Behaviours and Making Decisions Concerning Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristic of Respondents
3.2. Key Factors Affecting the Choice of the Doctor
3.3. Emotions Triggered by Health or Disease Information Obtained From the Internet
3.4. Health Intentions and Self-Reported Pro-Health Behaviour Caused by Health or Disease Information Obtained From the Internet
3.5. Self-Reported Health Decisions Caused by Health or Disease Information Obtained From the Internet
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Respondents (n = 1000) | I-Users (n = 887) | HI-Users (n = 768) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age groups | 18–35 | 302 | 30.2 | 292 | 32.9 | 274 | 35.6 |
36–59 | 429 | 42.9 | 411 | 46.3 | 362 | 47.1 | |
60+ | 269 | 26.9 | 184 | 20.7 | 133 | 17.3 | |
Sex | Female | 558 | 55.8 | 486 | 54.8 | 432 | 56.2 |
Male | 442 | 44.2 | 401 | 45.2 | 337 | 43.8 | |
Education | Basic/Vocational | 339 | 33.9 | 265 | 29.9 | 210 | 27.3 |
Secondary | 373 | 37.3 | 342 | 38.6 | 297 | 38.6 | |
Higher/Some higher | 288 | 28.8 | 280 | 31.6 | 262 | 34.1 | |
Residency type | Alone | 143 | 14.3 | 112 | 12.6 | 88 | 11.5 |
With family/ Other | 856 | 85.7 | 774 | 87.4 | 680 | 88.5 | |
Residency place | Rural | 387 | 38.7 | 329 | 37.1 | 273 | 35.5 |
Urban | 613 | 61.3 | 558 | 62.9 | 496 | 64.5 | |
Employment status | Education | 44 | 4.4 | 44 | 5 | 41 | 5.3 |
Paid work/Voluntary/Other | 594 | 59.4 | 577 | 65.1 | 522 | 67.9 | |
Retired/Permanently sick or disabled | 317 | 31.7 | 223 | 25.1 | 166 | 21.6 | |
Unemployment | 45 | 4.5 | 43 | 4.8 | 40 | 5.2 | |
Health status | Good/Very good | 570 | 57.5 | 547 | 62.2 | 495 | 64.8 |
Fair | 347 | 35 | 279 | 31.7 | 232 | 30.4 | |
Poor/Very poor | 74 | 7.5 | 54 | 6.1 | 37 | 4.8 | |
Mobile phone use | Yes | 957 | 95.7 | 861 | 97.1 | 754 | 98 |
No | 43 | 4.3 | 26 | 2.9 | 15 | 2 | |
Frequency of Internet use for health purposes | Daily | 33 | 3.7 | 33 | 3.7 | 33 | 4.3 |
At least once a month | 443 | 49.8 | 443 | 49.9 | 443 | 57.6 | |
At least once a year | 245 | 27.5 | 245 | 27.6 | 245 | 31.9 | |
Less than once a year | 48 | 5.4 | 48 | 5.4 | 48 | 6.2 | |
Never | 121 | 13.6 | 118 | 13.3 | 0 | 0 |
Key Factors Affecting the Choice of the Doctor | All Respondents | Rank | I-Users | Rank | HI-Users | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD Median | Mean±SD Median | Mean±SD Median | ||||
The possibility of receiving simple medical recommendations via SMS or e-mail | 2.79 ± 1.55 3 | 7 | 2.81 ± 1.53 3 | 6 | 2.86 ± 1.52 3 | 7 |
The possibility to prescribe medicines via e-mail or the Internet | 2.66 ± 1.65 2 | 8 | 2.77 ± 1.64 3 | 7 | 2.89 ± 1.63 3 | 6 |
The possibility of setting or changing the date of the visit via the Internet | 3.44 ± 1.65 4 | 3 | 3.62 ± 1.57 4 | 1 | 3.72 ± 1.53 4 | 1 |
Information about medical practice on the Internet (certificates, practice position among other medical facilities) | 3.4 ± 1.55 4 | 4 | 3.55 ± 1.48 4 | 3 | 3.67 ± 1.42 4 | 2 |
The doctor’s office has its own website | 3.51 ± 1.52 4 | 2 | 3.62 ± 1.45 4 | 1 | 3.72 ± 1.39 4 | 1 |
The possibility of contact via e-mail | 3.09 ± 1.6 3 | 6 | 3.23 ± 1.56 4 | 5 | 3.36 ± 1.51 4 | 5 |
The possibility to receive SMS notifications | 3.55 ± 1.5 4 | 1 | 3.6 ± 1.45 4 | 2 | 3.66 ± 1.41 4 | 3 |
Online access to the patient’s medical records | 3.37 ± 1.67 4 | 5 | 3.53 ± 1.6 4 | 4 | 3.64 ± 1.55 4 | 4 |
HI-users | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yes | no | ||||||
n | % | n | % | Chi2 | df | P ** | |
Feeling anxious or fear | 226 | 29.6 | 537 | 70.4 | 126.76 | 1 | 0 |
Feeling of support or relief | 184 | 24.1 | 580 | 75.9 | 205.26 | 1 | 0 |
Desire to change diet | 373 | 48.8 | 392 | 51.2 | 0.470 | 1 | 0.492 |
Desire to change other habits, ex. quitting smoking, limiting alcohol | 184 | 19.5 | 612 | 80.5 | 283.28 | 1 | 0 |
Increasing healthy physical activity | 347 | 45.5 | 416 | 54.5 | 6.240 | 1 | 0.012 |
Asking the doctor for suggestions or questions about the diagnosis or treatment of diseases | 306 | 40.1 | 458 | 59.9 | 30.24 | 1 | 0 |
Asking the doctor for referral / additional screening tests | 266 | 34.9 | 497 | 65.1 | 69.94 | 1 | 0 |
Taking the drug or changing the medication without consulting a doctor | 67 | 8.7 | 700 | 91.3 | 522.41 | 1 | 0 |
Resignation from planned tests or medicines used | 52 | 6.8 | 712 | 93.2 | 570.16 | 1 | 0 |
Making an appointment with a doctor | 345 | 45 | 421 | 55 | 7.54 | 1 | 0.006 |
Cancellation of a doctor's appointment | 168 | 21.9 | 599 | 78.1 | 242.19 | 1 | 0 |
Characteristics | Feeling Anxious or Fear | Feeling of Support or Relief | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yes | no | p | yes | no | P ** | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Sex | 0 | 0.021 | ||||||||
Women | 152 | 35.3 | 278 | 64.7 | 117 | 27.2 | 313 | 72.8 | ||
Men | 76 | 22.6 | 260 | 77.4 | 67 | 19.9 | 269 | 80.1 | ||
Education | 0.003 | 0.527 | ||||||||
Basic/Vocational | 44 | 21.0 | 166 | 79.0 | 44 | 21.2 | 164 | 78.8 | ||
Secondary | 94 | 31.9 | 201 | 68.1 | 74 | 25.0 | 222 | 75.0 | ||
Higher/Some higher | 90 | 34.5 | 171 | 65.5 | 66 | 25.2 | 196 | 74.8 | ||
Residency type | 1 | 0.044 | ||||||||
Alone | 25 | 29.1 | 61 | 70.9 | 13 | 15.1 | 73 | 84.9 | ||
With family/Other | 203 | 29.9 | 476 | 70.1 | 171 | 25.2 | 508 | 74.8 | ||
Mobile use | 1 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Yes | 224 | 29.8 | 527 | 70.2 | 177 | 23.5 | 575 | 76.5 | ||
No | 4 | 26.7 | 11 | 73.3 | 7 | 50.0 | 7 | 50.0 | ||
Frequency of Internet use for health purposes | 0.051 | 0 | ||||||||
Daily | 12 | 36.4 | 21 | 63.6 | 13 | 39.4 | 20 | 60.6 | ||
At least once a month | 145 | 32.9 | 296 | 67.1 | 127 | 28.9 | 312 | 71.1 | ||
At least once a year | 59 | 24.4 | 183 | 75.6 | 37 | 15.2 | 207 | 84.8 | ||
Less than once a year | 10 | 21.3 | 37 | 78.7 | 7 | 14.6 | 41 | 85.4 |
The Desire to Change Diet | The Desire to Change Other Habits, ex. Quitting Smoking, Limiting Alcohol | Increasing Healthy Physical Activity | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | yes | no | P ** | yes | no | P ** | yes | no | P ** | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Age groups | 0.008 | 0.034 | 0 | ||||||||||||
18–35 | 152 | 55.3 | 123 | 44.7 | 67 | 24.5 | 207 | 75.5 | 151 | 54.9 | 124 | 45.1 | |||
36–59 | 170 | 47.1 | 191 | 52.9 | 60 | 16.7 | 300 | 83.3 | 167 | 46.5 | 192 | 53.5 | |||
60+ | 52 | 39.4 | 80 | 60.6 | 21 | 16.3 | 108 | 83.7 | 31 | 23.3 | 102 | 76.7 | |||
Sex | 0.029 | 0 | 0.189 | ||||||||||||
Women | 225 | 52.2 | 206 | 47.8 | 62 | 14.5 | 366 | 85.5 | 187 | 43.4 | 244 | 56.6 | |||
Men | 149 | 44.2 | 188 | 55.8 | 86 | 25.7 | 249 | 74.3 | 162 | 48.2 | 174 | 51.8 | |||
Education | 0.015 | 0.456 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Basic/ Vocational | 88 | 41.9 | 122 | 58.1 | 36 | 17.4 | 171 | 82.6 | 73 | 34.8 | 137 | 65.2 | |||
Secondary | 142 | 47.8 | 155 | 52.2 | 55 | 18.6 | 240 | 81.4 | 139 | 47.0 | 157 | 53.0 | |||
Higher/ Some higher | 144 | 55.2 | 117 | 44.8 | 57 | 21.8 | 204 | 78.2 | 137 | 52.5 | 124 | 47.5 | |||
Employment status | 0.093 | 0.015 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Education | 22 | 53.7 | 19 | 46.3 | 16 | 39.0 | 25 | 61.0 | 27 | 65.9 | 14 | 34.1 | |||
Paid work/ Voluntary/ Other | 260 | 49.8 | 262 | 50.2 | 96 | 18.4 | 425 | 81.6 | 255 | 49.0 | 265 | 51.0 | |||
Retired/ Permanently sick or disabled | 68 | 41.2 | 97 | 58.8 | 27 | 16.7 | 135 | 83.3 | 46 | 27.7 | 120 | 72.3 | |||
Unemployment | 24 | 60.0 | 16 | 40.0 | 9 | 23.1 | 30 | 76.9 | 21 | 52.5 | 19 | 47.5 | |||
Residency type | 0.734 | 0.667 | 0.026 | ||||||||||||
Alone | 41 | 46.6 | 47 | 53.4 | 18 | 20.9 | 68 | 79.1 | 46 | 51.7 | 43 | 48.3 | |||
With family/Other | 333 | 49.0 | 346 | 51.0 | 130 | 19.2 | 546 | 80.8 | 303 | 44.8 | 374 | 55.2 | |||
Residency place | 0.087 | 0.028 | 0.026 | ||||||||||||
Rural | 120 | 44.0 | 153 | 56.0 | 39 | 14.4 | 232 | 85.6 | 106 | 39.0 | 166 | 61.0 | |||
Urban | 254 | 51.3 | 241 | 48.7 | 109 | 22.2 | 383 | 77.8 | 243 | 49.1 | 252 | 50.9 | |||
Health status | 0.052 | 0.532 | 0 | ||||||||||||
Good/Very good | 256 | 51.8 | 238 | 48.2 | 94 | 19.1 | 397 | 80.9 | 260 | 53.0 | 231 | 47.0 | |||
Fair | 102 | 44.2 | 129 | 55.8 | 44 | 19.2 | 185 | 80.8 | 77 | 33.0 | 156 | 67.0 | |||
Poor/Very poor | 14 | 36.8 | 24 | 63.2 | 10 | 26.3 | 28 | 73.7 | 11 | 28.9 | 27 | 71.1 | |||
Frequency of Internet use for health purposes | 0 | 0.481 | 0.009 | ||||||||||||
Daily | 24 | 72.7 | 9 | 27.3 | 8 | 24.2 | 25 | 75.8 | 19 | 57.6 | 14 | 42.4 | |||
At least once a month | 235 | 53.3 | 206 | 46.7 | 90 | 20.5 | 348 | 79.5 | 216 | 49.1 | 224 | 50.9 | |||
At least once a year | 103 | 42.4 | 140 | 57.6 | 44 | 18.3 | 197 | 81.7 | 98 | 40.3 | 145 | 59.7 | |||
Less than once a year | 11 | 22.9 | 37 | 77.1 | 6 | 12.5 | 42 | 87.5 | 14 | 29.8 | 33 | 70.2 |
Characteristics | Making an Appointment with a Doctor | Cancellation of a Doctor’s Appointment | Resignation from Planned Tests or Medicines Used | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yes | no | P ** | yes | no | P ** | yes | no | P * | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Sex | 0.771 | 0.539 | 0.085 | ||||||||||||
Women | 196 | 45.5 | 235 | 54.5 | 98 | 22.7 | 334 | 77.3 | 36 | 8.4 | 395 | 91.6 | |||
Men | 150 | 44.4 | 188 | 55.6 | 70 | 20.7 | 268 | 79.3 | 17 | 5.1 | 319 | 94.9 | |||
Education | 0.007 | 0.2 | 0.321 | ||||||||||||
Basic/vocational | 81 | 38.8 | 128 | 61.2 | 49 | 23.3 | 161 | 76.7 | 19 | 9.1 | 189 | 90.9 | |||
Secondary | 127 | 42.8 | 170 | 57.2 | 55 | 18.5 | 242 | 81.5 | 17 | 5.7 | 280 | 94.3 | |||
Higher/some higher | 138 | 52.5 | 125 | 47.5 | 64 | 24.3 | 199 | 75.7 | 17 | 6.5 | 245 | 93.5 | |||
Employment status | 0.25 | 0.022 | 0.691 | ||||||||||||
Education | 17 | 41.5 | 24 | 58.5 | 10 | 24.4 | 31 | 75.6 | 4 | 9.8 | 37 | 90.2 | |||
Paid work/ voluntary/ other | 248 | 47.4 | 275 | 52.6 | 117 | 22.4 | 406 | 77.6 | 37 | 7.1 | 483 | 92.9 | |||
Retired/ permanently sick or disabled | 64 | 38.8 | 101 | 61.2 | 26 | 15.7 | 140 | 84.3 | 9 | 5.4 | 157 | 94.6 | |||
Unemployment | 17 | 42.5 | 23 | 57.5 | 15 | 37.5 | 25 | 62.5 | 3 | 7.5 | 37 | 92.5 | |||
Residency place | 0.05 | 0.262 | 0.806 | ||||||||||||
Rural | 109 | 40.1 | 163 | 59.9 | 52 | 19.0 | 221 | 81.0 | 21 | 7.7 | 251 | 92.3 | |||
Urban | 237 | 47.7 | 260 | 52.3 | 116 | 23.3 | 381 | 76.7 | 32 | 6.5 | 463 | 93.5 | |||
Mobile use | 1 | 0.109 | 0.016 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 339 | 45.0 | 415 | 55.0 | 162 | 21.5 | 593 | 78.5 | 49 | 6.5 | 703 | 93.5 | |||
No | 7 | 46.7 | 8 | 53.3 | 6 | 40.0 | 9 | 60.0 | 4 | 26.7 | 11 | 73.3 | |||
Frequency of Internet use for health purposes | 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||
Daily | 19 | 57.6 | 14 | 42.4 | 12 | 36.4 | 21 | 63.6 | 5 | 15.6 | 27 | 84.4 | |||
At least once a month | 215 | 48.6 | 227 | 51.4 | 107 | 24.2 | 336 | 75.8 | 37 | 8.4 | 404 | 91.6 | |||
At least once a year | 97 | 39.9 | 146 | 60.1 | 40 | 16.5 | 203 | 83.5 | 7 | 2.9 | 236 | 97.1 | |||
Less than once a year | 14 | 29.2 | 34 | 70.8 | 9 | 18.8 | 39 | 81.2 | 3 | 6.2 | 45 | 93.8 |
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Bujnowska-Fedak, M.M.; Węgierek, P. The Impact of Online Health Information on Patient Health Behaviours and Making Decisions Concerning Health. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030880
Bujnowska-Fedak MM, Węgierek P. The Impact of Online Health Information on Patient Health Behaviours and Making Decisions Concerning Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(3):880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030880
Chicago/Turabian StyleBujnowska-Fedak, Maria Magdalena, and Paulina Węgierek. 2020. "The Impact of Online Health Information on Patient Health Behaviours and Making Decisions Concerning Health" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030880
APA StyleBujnowska-Fedak, M. M., & Węgierek, P. (2020). The Impact of Online Health Information on Patient Health Behaviours and Making Decisions Concerning Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030880