Parental Involvement in Children’s Sleep Care and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants and Toddlers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Parental Involvement
2.2.2. The Expanded Version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ [36])
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
Moderated APIM Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Infants (n = 101) M (SD) | Toddlers (n = 54) M (SD) | p (t-test) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Children’s age | 1 | 10.67 (2.12) | 29.44 (5.42) | |||||
2. Paternal sleep involvement_Mo | 0.08 | 1 | 3.10 (1.05) | 3.22 (1.20) | 0.511 | |||
3. Maternal sleep involvement_Fa | −0.15 | −0.24 ** | 1 | 4.34 (0.73) | 4.04 (1.01) | 0.036 | ||
4. No. of night awakenings_Mo | −0.58 ** | −0.23 ** | 0.18 * | 1 | 4.46 (1.59) | 2.46 (0.98) | 0.000 | |
5. No. of night awakenings_Fa | −0.52 ** | −0.23 ** | 0.07 | 0.88 ** | 1 | 4.26 (1.67) | 2.55 (0.96) | 0.000 |
Parameters | Estimate (b) | p |
---|---|---|
Main Effects | ||
Actor Effects of Sleep Involvement | ||
PSI _Mo → NW_Fa (a1) | −0.338 | 0.000 |
MSI_Fa → NW_Mo (a2) | 0.025 | 0.737 |
Partner Effects of Sleep Involvement | ||
PSI _Mo → NW_Mo (p2) | −0.326 | 0.000 |
MSI_Fa → NW_Fa (p1) | −0.044 | 0.570 |
Age → NW_Mo | −1.069 | 0.005 |
Age → NW_Fa | −1.167 | 0.003 |
Interaction Effects | ||
Actor Sleep Involvement by Age | ||
PSI_Mo × Age → NW_Fa | 0.536 | 0.012 |
MSI_Fa × Age → NW_Mo | 0.065 | 0.819 |
Partner Involvement by Age | ||
PSI_Mo × Age → NW_Mo | 0.512 | 0.012 |
MSI_Fa × Age → NW_Fa | 0.190 | 0.525 |
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Ragni, B.; De Stasio, S. Parental Involvement in Children’s Sleep Care and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants and Toddlers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165808
Ragni B, De Stasio S. Parental Involvement in Children’s Sleep Care and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants and Toddlers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165808
Chicago/Turabian StyleRagni, Benedetta, and Simona De Stasio. 2020. "Parental Involvement in Children’s Sleep Care and Nocturnal Awakenings in Infants and Toddlers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165808