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Volume 17
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10.3390/ijerph17134846
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Article

Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospital Readmissions among the Pediatric Asthma Patient Population in South Texas: A Case-Crossover Study

by
Juha Baek
1,2,
Bita A. Kash
2,3,4,
Xiaohui Xu
5,
Mark Benden
1,
Jon Roberts
6 and
Genny Carrillo
1,*
1
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
2
Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3
Center for Health & Nature, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
4
Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
5
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
6
Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Driscoll Children’s Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX 78411, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134846
Submission received: 13 June 2020 / Revised: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 / Published: 6 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Children's Health)
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Abstract

Few studies have evaluated the association between ambient air pollution and hospital readmissions among children with asthma, especially in low-income communities. This study examined the short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on hospital readmissions for pediatric asthma in South Texas. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted using the hospitalization data from a children’s hospital and the air pollution data, including particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 2010 and 2014. A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between ambient air pollution and hospital readmissions, controlling for outdoor temperature. We identified 111 pediatric asthma patients readmitted to the hospital between 2010 and 2014. The single-pollutant models showed that PM2.5 concentration had a significant positive effect on risk for hospital readmissions (OR = 1.082, 95% CI = 1.008–1.162, p = 0.030). In the two-pollutant models, the increased risk of pediatric readmissions for asthma was significantly associated with both elevated ozone (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.001–1.045, p = 0.042) and PM2.5 concentrations (OR = 1.080, 95% CI = 1.005–1.161, p = 0.036). The effects of ambient air pollutants on hospital readmissions varied by age and season. Our findings suggest that short-term (4 days) exposure to air pollutants might increase the risk of preventable hospital readmissions for pediatric asthma patients.
Keywords: hospital readmissions; pediatric asthma; ambient air pollution; PM2.5; ozone; South Texas; low-income communities hospital readmissions; pediatric asthma; ambient air pollution; PM2.5; ozone; South Texas; low-income communities

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baek, J.; Kash, B.A.; Xu, X.; Benden, M.; Roberts, J.; Carrillo, G. Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospital Readmissions among the Pediatric Asthma Patient Population in South Texas: A Case-Crossover Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134846

AMA Style

Baek J, Kash BA, Xu X, Benden M, Roberts J, Carrillo G. Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospital Readmissions among the Pediatric Asthma Patient Population in South Texas: A Case-Crossover Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13):4846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134846

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baek, Juha, Bita A. Kash, Xiaohui Xu, Mark Benden, Jon Roberts, and Genny Carrillo. 2020. "Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospital Readmissions among the Pediatric Asthma Patient Population in South Texas: A Case-Crossover Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134846

APA Style

Baek, J., Kash, B. A., Xu, X., Benden, M., Roberts, J., & Carrillo, G. (2020). Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospital Readmissions among the Pediatric Asthma Patient Population in South Texas: A Case-Crossover Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134846

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