The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Study Participants
2.2. Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Boys (N = 21,709) | Girls (N = 6943) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Attempts to Quit Smoking | Smoking Cessation | Total | Attempts to Quit Smoking | Smoking Cessation | |||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |||
Smoking Exposure at Home | ||||||||||
Everyday | 1928 | 1512 | (78.4) | 725 | (37.6) | 946 | 794 | (83.9) | 484 | (51.2) |
Occasionally | 6029 | 5236 | (86.8) | 3110 | (51.6) | 2202 | 1956 | (88.8) | 1276 | (57.9) |
None | 13,752 | 12,121 | (88.1) | 8052 | (58.6) | 3795 | 3456 | (91.1) | 2569 | (67.7) |
Age | ||||||||||
12–15 | 8246 | 7465 | (90.5) | 5291 | (64.2) | 2701 | 2437 | (90.2) | 1759 | (65.1) |
16–18 | 13,463 | 11,404 | (84.7) | 6596 | −49 | 4242 | 3769 | (88.8) | 2570 | (60.6) |
Having Parents | ||||||||||
Both parents | 19,864 | 17,365 | (87.4) | 11,046 | (55.6) | 6194 | 5568 | (89.9) | 3946 | (63.7) |
Single parent | 1436 | 1202 | (83.7) | 693 | (48.3) | 602 | 521 | (86.5) | 341 | (56.6) |
None | 409 | 302 | (73.8) | 148 | (36.2) | 147 | 117 | (79.6) | 42 | (28.6) |
Allowance | ||||||||||
Low | 3686 | 3296 | (89.4) | 2399 | (65.1) | 1198 | 1086 | (90.7) | 853 | (71.2) |
Lower-middle | 5253 | 4705 | (89.6) | 3282 | (62.5) | 1552 | 1418 | (91.4) | 1089 | (70.2) |
Upper-middle | 5927 | 5167 | (87.2) | 3160 | (53.3) | 1878 | 1669 | (88.9) | 1135 | (60.4) |
High | 6843 | 5701 | (83.3) | 3046 | (44.5) | 2315 | 2033 | (87.8) | 1252 | (54.1) |
Household Income Level | ||||||||||
Low | 4546 | 3936 | (86.6) | 2324 | (51.1) | 1942 | 1722 | (88.7) | 1167 | (60.1) |
Middle | 9659 | 8468 | (87.7) | 5534 | (57.3) | 3133 | 2818 | (89.9) | 2010 | (64.2) |
High | 7504 | 6465 | (86.2) | 4029 | (53.7) | 1868 | 1666 | (89.2) | 1152 | (61.7) |
Grade | ||||||||||
High | 6132 | 5364 | (87.5) | 3777 | (61.6) | 1684 | 1491 | (88.5) | 1138 | (67.6) |
Middle | 5595 | 4938 | (88.3) | 3194 | (57.1) | 1627 | 1490 | (91.6) | 1120 | (68.8) |
Low | 9982 | 8567 | (85.8) | 4916 | (49.2) | 3632 | 3225 | (88.8) | 2071 | −57 |
Alcohol Consumption | ||||||||||
Never | 3949 | 3627 | (91.8) | 2990 | (75.7) | 865 | 818 | (94.6) | 716 | (82.8) |
Ever | 17,760 | 15,242 | (85.8) | 8897 | (50.1) | 6078 | 5388 | (88.6) | 3613 | (59.4) |
Physical Activity | ||||||||||
Low | 10,287 | 8797 | (85.5) | 5492 | (53.4) | 5107 | 4534 | (88.8) | 3183 | (62.3) |
High | 11,422 | 10,072 | (88.2) | 6395 | −56 | 1836 | 1672 | (91.1) | 1146 | (62.4) |
Stress Level | ||||||||||
High | 7747 | 6614 | (85.4) | 3924 | (50.7) | 4069 | 3608 | (88.7) | 2428 | (59.7) |
Medium | 9464 | 8344 | (88.2) | 5391 | −57 | 2230 | 2009 | (90.1) | 1478 | (66.3) |
Low | 4498 | 3911 | (86.9) | 2572 | (57.2) | 644 | 589 | (91.5) | 423 | (65.7) |
Self-Reported Health Status | ||||||||||
High | 16,330 | 14,311 | (87.6) | 9135 | (55.9) | 3910 | 3513 | (89.8) | 2515 | (64.3) |
Medium | 4120 | 3501 | −85 | 2139 | (51.9) | 2146 | 1900 | (88.5) | 1298 | (60.5) |
Low | 1259 | 1057 | −84 | 613 | (48.7) | 887 | 793 | (89.4) | 516 | (58.2) |
Smoking Cessation Program at School | ||||||||||
Yes | 13,980 | 12,531 | (89.6) | 7638 | (54.6) | 4432 | 4031 | −91 | 2692 | (60.7) |
No | 7729 | 6338 | −82 | 4249 | −55 | 2511 | 2175 | (86.6) | 1637 | (65.2) |
Smoking Onset | ||||||||||
Elementary school | 5943 | 5132 | (86.4) | 3289 | (55.3) | 1778 | 1605 | (90.3) | 1142 | (64.2) |
Middle school | 13,559 | 11,908 | (87.8) | 7451 | −55 | 4222 | 3799 | −90 | 2632 | (62.3) |
High school | 2207 | 1829 | (82.9) | 1147 | −52 | 943 | 802 | −85 | 555 | (58.9) |
Year | ||||||||||
2015 | 8608 | 7484 | (86.9) | 4612 | (53.6) | 2801 | 2540 | (90.7) | 1849 | −66 |
2016 | 7142 | 6249 | (87.5) | 4070 | −57 | 2182 | 1939 | (88.9) | 1373 | (62.9) |
2017 | 5959 | 5136 | (86.2) | 3205 | (53.8) | 1960 | 1727 | (88.1) | 1107 | (56.5) |
TOTAL | 21,709 | 18,869 | (86.9) | 11,887 | (54.8) | 6943 | 6206 | (89.4) | 4329 | (62.4) |
Variables | Boys | Girls | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attempts to Quit Smoking | Smoking Cessation | Attempts to Quit Smoking | Smoking Cessation | |||||
Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
Smoking Exposure at Home | ||||||||
Everyday | 0.51 | (0.44–0.59) | 0.51 | (0.45–0.57) | 0.48 | (0.38–0.61) | 0.56 | (0.47–0.67) |
Occasionally | 0.87 | (0.79–0.97) | 0.78 | (0.73–0.84) | 0.74 | (0.61–0.90) | 0.71 | (0.62–0.80) |
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Age | ||||||||
12–15 | 1.46 | (1.31–1.63) | 1.53 | (1.42–1.65) | 0.93 | (0.76–1.13) | 1.02 | (0.89–1.17) |
16–18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Having Parents | ||||||||
Both parents | 2.27 | (1.77–2.92) | 2.21 | (1.71–2.87) | 2.3 | (1.46–3.61) | 4.9 | (3.26–7.36) |
Single parent | 1.75 | (1.31–2.33) | 1.73 | (1.30–2.30) | 1.85 | (1.11–3.08) | 4.08 | (2.62–6.34) |
None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Allowance | ||||||||
Low | 1.35 | (1.18–1.55) | 1.92 | (1.74–2.12) | 1.2 | (0.93–1.57) | 1.87 | (1.58–2.22) |
Lower-middle | 1.39 | (1.22–1.57) | 1.73 | (1.59–1.89) | 1.37 | (1.08–1.75) | 1.74 | (1.48–2.03) |
Upper-middle | 1.2 | (1.07–1.34) | 1.3 | (1.20–1.41) | 1 | (0.81–1.23) | 1.23 | (1.07–1.41) |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Household Income Level | ||||||||
Low | 1.2 | (1.06–1.36) | 1.08 | (0.98–1.19) | 0.93 | (0.73–1.18) | 1.07 | (0.91–1.27) |
Middle | 1.14 | (1.02–1.26) | 1.21 | (1.13–1.30) | 1.03 | (0.84–1.27) | 1.13 | (0.98–1.30) |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Grade | ||||||||
High | 1.11 | (0.99–1.24) | 1.67 | (1.54–1.80) | 0.88 | (0.72–1.07) | 1.6 | (1.39–1.85) |
Middle | 1.21 | (1.08–1.36) | 1.35 | (1.25–1.46) | 1.17 | (0.94–1.47) | 1.54 | (1.33–1.79) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Alcohol Consumption | ||||||||
Never | 1.59 | (1.38–1.83) | 2.61 | (2.38–2.86) | 2 | (1.43–2.80) | 3.07 | (2.47–3.80) |
Ever | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Physical Activity | ||||||||
Low | 0.86 | (0.79–0.94) | 0.99 | (0.93–1.06) | 0.84 | (0.69–1.03) | 1.07 | (0.94–1.22) |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Stress Level | ||||||||
High | 1 | (0.88–1.14) | 0.84 | (0.78–0.92) | 0.75 | (0.53–1.06) | 0.81 | (0.66–1.00) |
Medium | 1.17 | (1.03–1.31) | 1.02 | (0.94–1.11) | 0.79 | (0.55–1.14) | 1.04 | (0.83–1.30) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Self-Reported Health Status | ||||||||
High | 1.14 | (0.96–1.36) | 1.08 | (0.94–1.24) | 0.86 | (0.65–1.13) | 1.09 | (0.91–1.31) |
Medium | 1.02 | (0.85–1.24) | 1.02 | (0.88–1.18) | 0.85 | (0.64–1.14) | 0.99 | (0.81–1.20) |
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Smoking Cessation Program at School | ||||||||
Yes | 1.81 | (1.66–1.97) | 0.93 | (0.88–1.00) | 1.57 | (1.31–1.88) | 0.82 | (0.73–0.93) |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Smoking Onset | ||||||||
Elementary school | 1.19 | (1.01–1.39) | 0.95 | (0.85–1.07) | 1.67 | (1.27–2.21) | 1.08 | (0.88–1.32) |
Middle school | 1.35 | (1.17–1.55) | 0.97 | (0.87–1.08) | 1.51 | (1.19–1.90) | 1.03 | (0.87–1.21) |
High school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Year | ||||||||
2015 | 1.09 | (0.97–1.22) | 0.91 | (0.83–1.01) | 1.27 | (1.02–1.57) | 1.32 | (1.12–1.54) |
2016 | 1.12 | (0.99–1.26) | 1.08 | (0.97–1.19) | 1.09 | (0.86–1.38) | 1.28 | (1.09–1.50) |
2017 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Variables | Exposed to Smoking Everyday | Exposed to Smoking Occasionally | Never Exposed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | |
Boys | |||||
Self-Reported Health Status | |||||
High | 0.55 | (0.47–0.65) | 0.86 | (0.77–0.96) | 1.00 |
Medium | 0.46 | (0.35–0.62) | 0.91 | (0.72–1.15) | 1.00 |
Low | 0.44 | (0.27–0.71) | 0.94 | (0.63–1.41) | 1.00 |
Smoking Cessation Program at School | |||||
Yes | 0.54 | (0.45–0.66) | 0.83 | (0.73–0.95) | 1.00 |
No | 0.48 | (0.39–0.59) | 0.93 | (0.80–1.09) | 1.00 |
Smoking Onset | |||||
Elementary school | 0.49 | (0.38–0.62) | 0.88 | (0.73–1.05) | 1.00 |
Middle school | 0.52 | (0.43–0.63) | 0.9 | (0.78–1.03) | 1.00 |
High school | 0.59 | (0.38–0.90) | 0.81 | (0.61–1.09) | 1.00 |
Girls | |||||
Self-Reported Health Status | |||||
High | 0.47 | (0.33–0.65) | 0.71 | (0.55–0.92) | 1.00 |
Medium | 0.57 | (0.37–0.87) | 0.79 | (0.57–1.11) | 1.00 |
Low | 0.41 | (0.23–0.73) | 0.75 | (0.42–1.34) | 1.00 |
Smoking Cessation Program at School | |||||
Yes | 0.51 | (0.37–0.69) | 0.7 | (0.54–0.91) | 1.00 |
No | 0.45 | (0.31–0.64) | 0.78 | (0.58–1.07) | 1.00 |
Smoking Onset | |||||
Elementary school | 0.45 | (0.29–0.70) | 0.91 | (0.60–1.39) | 1.00 |
Middle school | 0.5 | (0.37–0.69) | 0.82 | (0.63–1.06) | 1.00 |
High school | 0.51 | (0.27–0.98) | 0.46 | (0.31–0.69) | 1.00 |
Variables | Exposed to Smoking Everyday | Exposed to Smoking Occasionally | Never Exposed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | |
Boys | |||||
Self-Reported Health Status | |||||
High | 0.52 | (0.46–0.60) | 0.79 | (0.73–0.86) | 1.00 |
Medium | 0.46 | (0.36–0.60) | 0.7 | (0.59–0.83) | 1.00 |
Low | 0.52 | (0.34–0.80) | 1.05 | (0.78–1.42) | 1.00 |
Smoking Cessation Program at School | |||||
Yes | 0.51 | (0.44–0.59) | 0.82 | (0.75–0.90) | 1.00 |
No | 0.5 | (0.42–0.60) | 0.72 | (0.64–0.81) | 1.00 |
Smoking Onset | |||||
Elementary school | 0.43 | (0.35–0.53) | 0.68 | (0.59–0.78) | 1.00 |
Middle school | 0.56 | (0.48–0.64) | 0.84 | (0.76–0.92) | 1.00 |
High school | 0.45 | (0.32–0.65) | 0.8 | (0.64–1.01) | 1.00 |
Girls | |||||
Self-Reported Health Status | |||||
High | 0.5 | (0.39–0.64) | 0.63 | (0.53–0.74) | 1.00 |
Medium | 0.73 | (0.54–0.98) | 0.84 | (0.67–1.04) | 1.00 |
Low | 0.52 | (0.34–0.79) | 0.79 | (0.56–1.12) | 1.00 |
Smoking Cessation Program at School | |||||
Yes | 0.52 | (0.43–0.64) | 0.74 | (0.63–0.86) | 1.00 |
No | 0.64 | (0.48–0.84) | 0.65 | (0.52–0.82) | 1.00 |
Smoking Onset | |||||
Elementary school | 0.57 | (0.41–0.80) | 0.48 | (0.37–0.63) | 1.00 |
Middle school | 0.6 | (0.48–0.74) | 0.87 | (0.74–1.02) | 1.00 |
High school | 0.36 | (0.22–0.58) | 0.58 | (0.42–0.81) | 1.00 |
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Jeong, W.; Kim, Y.K.; Joo, J.H.; Jang, S.-I.; Park, E.-C. The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114129
Jeong W, Kim YK, Joo JH, Jang S-I, Park E-C. The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):4129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114129
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Wonjeong, Yun Kyung Kim, Jae Hong Joo, Sung-In Jang, and Eun-Cheol Park. 2020. "The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 4129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114129