A Parsonian Approach to Patient Safety: Transformational Leadership and Social Capital as Preconditions for Clinical Risk Management—the GI Factor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The GI Factor: Collective Action by Transformational Leadership Combined with Cohesive Followers
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design, Data Collection and Study Population
3.2. Measures
3.3. Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Sample Characteristics
4.2. Bivariate Analysis
4.3. Regression Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. The Study Aims in Context
5.2. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Integration = Low | Integration = High | |
---|---|---|
Goal attainment = High | Goal-oriented individual capital | Goal-oriented social capital (GI factor) |
Goal attainment = Low | Non-goal-oriented individual capital | Non-goal-oriented social capital |
Variable | N | Items | Range | Mean | SD | Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived social capital of hospital (SC) | 536 | 6 | 8–24 | 17.4 | 2.9 | 0.88 |
Perceived transformational leadership (TL) | 539 | 6 | 7–30 | 21.5 | 3.3 | 0.83 |
Perceived clinical risk management (CRM) | 539 | 6 | 7–24 | 18.7 | 2.6 | 0.79 |
Number of beds | 550 | - | 32–2322 | 344.6 | 282.0 | - |
Construct | Categories | N | % |
---|---|---|---|
Ownership (missing: N = 1) | Public hospitals | 228 | 41.5 |
Private-not-for-profit hospitals (charitable hospitals) | 258 | 46.9 | |
Private-for-profit-hospitals | 64 | 11.6 | |
Teaching status (missing: N = 1) | Teaching hospital | 219 | 39.8 |
Non-teaching hospital | 331 | 60.2 | |
Perceived social capital of hospital (SC) (missing: N = 15) | Low | 230 | 42.9 |
High | 306 | 57.1 | |
Perceived transformational leadership in hospital (TL) (missing: N = 12) | Low | 246 | 45.6 |
High | 293 | 54.4 | |
Goal-integration (missing. N = 26) | Goal-integration low (social capital low + transformational leadership low) | 157 | 29.9 |
Goal-integration middle (social capital low + transformational leadership high OR social capital high + transformational leadership low) | 152 | 29.0 | |
Goal-integration high (social capital high + transformational leadership high) | 216 | 41.1 |
Perceived Social Capital of Hospital | Perceived Transformational Leadership | Number of Beds | Perceived Clinical Risk Management | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived social capital of hospital | 1 | 0.601 ** | −0.125 ** | 0.431 ** |
Perceived transformational leadership | 0.601 ** | 1 | −0.036 | 0.438 ** |
Number of beds | −0.125 ** | −0.036 | 1 | −0.13 ** |
Perceived clinical risk management | 0.431 ** | 0.438 ** | −0.133 ** | 1 |
Restricted Model | Full Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 18.811 | <0.000 | (18.33, 19.30) | 17.469 | <0.000 | (16.92, 18.02) |
Private-for-profit hospitals (reference category: public hospitals) | 0.620 | 0.097 | (−0.11, 1.35) | 0.546 | 0.110 | (−0.13, 1.22) |
Private-not-for-profit hospitals (charitable hospitals) (reference category: public hospitals) | 0.246 | 0.305 | (−0.23, 0.72) | 0.185 | 0.401 | (−0.25, 0.62) |
No. of beds | −0.001 | 0.077 | (−0.002, 0.000) | −0.001 | 0.220 | (−0.001, 0.000) |
Teaching hospital (yes: 1; no: 0) | 0.039 | 0.877 | (−0.45, 0.53) | −0.040 | 0.861 | (−0.49, 0.41) |
GI = 1 (transformational leadership = high and social capital = low or vice versa) (Reference category: GI = 0) | 1.095 | <0.000 | (0.58, 1.61) | |||
GI = 2 (transformational leadership = high and social capital = high) (Reference category: GI = 0) | 2.418 | <0.000 | (1.94, 2.90) | |||
Explained Variance | 0.016 | 0.083 | 0.179 | <0.000 | ||
Change in explained variance: restricted model —full model | 0.163 | <0.000 |
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Pfaff, H.; Braithwaite, J. A Parsonian Approach to Patient Safety: Transformational Leadership and Social Capital as Preconditions for Clinical Risk Management—the GI Factor. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113989
Pfaff H, Braithwaite J. A Parsonian Approach to Patient Safety: Transformational Leadership and Social Capital as Preconditions for Clinical Risk Management—the GI Factor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113989
Chicago/Turabian StylePfaff, Holger, and Jeffrey Braithwaite. 2020. "A Parsonian Approach to Patient Safety: Transformational Leadership and Social Capital as Preconditions for Clinical Risk Management—the GI Factor" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113989