Nurses’ Well-Being, Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Work Environment Satisfaction Correlation: A Psychometric Study for Development of Nursing Health and Job Satisfaction Model and Scale
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To investigate the relationship between well-being and work environment satisfaction;
- To investigate the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and work environment satisfaction; and
- To investigate the relationship between health-promoting lifestyles and well-being.
1.1. Correlation Between Well-Being and Work Environment Satisfaction
1.2. Correlation Between Health-Promoting Lifestyles and Work Environment Satisfaction
1.3. Correlation Between Health-Promoting Lifestyles and Well-Being
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Participants
2.2. Measures and Variables
- Well-being subscale. This Likert scale comprised six items and two constructs (contentment and joyfulness), with the items scored from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). The range of the scores was 6–30, with a higher score representing a higher level of well-being.
- Work environment satisfaction subscale. This Likert scale involved five constructs (benefit, respect, reward, support, and guarantee) measured using 16 items, with the items scored from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). The range of the scores was 16–80, with a higher score representing higher satisfaction.
- Health-promoting lifestyle subscale. This Likert scale involved three constructs (physical activity, positive value, and willingness to share) measured using nine items, with the items scored from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). The range of the scores was 9–45, with a higher score representing a greater tendency toward leading health-promoting lifestyles.
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics of the Sampled Participants
3.2. Reliability and Validity of the Scales
3.3. Findings Regarding Hypothetical Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total n = 672 | EFA n = 176 | CFA n = 200 | SEM n = 296 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Age | ||||||||
<30 y/rs | 451 | 67.1 | 121 | 68.8 | 133 | 66.5 | 197 | 66.6 |
≥30 y/rs | 221 | 32.9 | 55 | 31.3 | 67 | 33.5 | 99 | 33.4 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | 204 | 30.4 | 51 | 29.0 | 67 | 33.5 | 86 | 29.1 |
Others | 468 | 69.6 | 125 | 71.0 | 133 | 66.5 | 210 | 70.9 |
Education | ||||||||
College | 266 | 39.4 | 76 | 43.2 | 79 | 39.5 | 111 | 37.5 |
Bachelor or above | 406 | 60.4 | 100 | 56.8 | 121 | 60.5 | 185 | 62.5 |
Tenure | ||||||||
≤2 y/rs | 205 | 30.5 | 66 | 37.5 | 52 | 26.0 | 87 | 29.4 |
> 2 y/rs | 467 | 69.5 | 110 | 62.5 | 148 | 74.0 | 209 | 70.6 |
Variables | 1. Well-Being | 2. Work Environment Satisfaction | 3. Health-Promoting Lifestyle | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EFA | ||||
KMO 1 value | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.89 | |
Constructs/items | 2/18 | 5/33 | 4/26 | |
Percentage of TVE2 explained | 92.6% | 95.1% | 94.0% | |
CFA | ||||
Constructs/items | 2/6 | 5/16 | 3/9 | |
Internal consistency | Cronbach’s α | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.83 |
Reliability | CR 3 > 0.6 | 0.85~0.86 | 0.78~0.89 | 0.57~0.83 |
Convergent validity | FL 4 > 0.5 | 0.78~0.89 | 0.70~0.92 | 0.49~0.95 |
AVE 5 > 0.5 | 0.65~0.69 | 0.54~0.72 | 0.80~0.89 | |
Discriminant validity | > CC 6 | 0.80~0.83 | 0.79~0.89 | 0.76~0.85 |
Model fit index | X2/df: 1–5 | 1.99 | 1.6 | 3.5 |
GFI 7 > 0.9 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.96 | |
CFI 8 > 0.9 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.96 | |
REMSEA 9 < 0.1 | 0.089 | 0.045 | 0.092 |
Hypothesis | CC | S.E. | Z | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 |
| 0.62 | 0.03 | 6.76 | <0.001 *** |
| 0.57 | 0.03 | 6.59 | <0.001 *** | |
H2 |
| 0.57 | 0.02 | 5.50 | <0.001 *** |
H3 |
| 0.86 | 0.04 | 6.74 | <0.001 *** |
| 0.72 | 0.04 | 6.49 | <0.001 *** |
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Chung, H.-C.; Chen, Y.-C.; Chang, S.-C.; Hsu, W.-L.; Hsieh, T.-C. Nurses’ Well-Being, Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Work Environment Satisfaction Correlation: A Psychometric Study for Development of Nursing Health and Job Satisfaction Model and Scale. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103582
Chung H-C, Chen Y-C, Chang S-C, Hsu W-L, Hsieh T-C. Nurses’ Well-Being, Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Work Environment Satisfaction Correlation: A Psychometric Study for Development of Nursing Health and Job Satisfaction Model and Scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103582
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, Hui-Chun, Yueh-Chih Chen, Shu-Chuan Chang, Wen-Lin Hsu, and Tsung-Cheng Hsieh. 2020. "Nurses’ Well-Being, Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Work Environment Satisfaction Correlation: A Psychometric Study for Development of Nursing Health and Job Satisfaction Model and Scale" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103582