Better Objective Sleep Was Associated with Better Subjective Sleep and Physical Activity; Results from an Exploratory Study under Naturalistic Conditions among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Sample
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Sociodemographic and MS-Related Information
2.3.2. Objective Sleep
2.3.3. Subjective Sleep
Symptoms of Insomnia
Daytime Sleepiness
Restless Legs Syndrome
Self-Assessed Risks of Snoring and Sleep Apnea
2.3.4. Psychological Functioning
Depressive Symptoms
Fatigue
2.3.5. Physical Activity
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and MS-Related Information
3.2. Correlations between Objective Sleep and Subjective Sleep, Psychological Dimensions, and Physical Activity Levels
3.3. Correlations between Objective Sleep and EDSS Scores
3.4. Correlations between Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels and EDSS Scores, Subjective Sleep-Related Dimensions and Psychological Dimensions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |
---|---|
M (SD) | |
Age (years) | 50.3 (9.6) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (5.4) |
n (%) | |
Gender (female/male) | 11/5 (68.8/31.2) |
Median (range) | |
EDSS | 5.5 (3–7) |
Medications | |
n (%) | |
No disease-modifying treatments such as tizanidine (and natalizumab) | 8 (50%) |
Disease-modifying treatments such as interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide fingolimod, (natalizumab), rituximab, ocrelizumab, and mitoxantrone | 8 (50%) |
Psychopharmaceuticals, including pain killers and phytopharmaceuticals | |
No psychopharmaceuticals | 10 (62.5) |
Phytopharmaceuticals | 3 (18.8) |
Pregabalin (Lyrica®) | 1 (6.3) |
Lamotrigine (Lamictal®) | 2 (12.5) |
OTC pain killers | 6 (37.5) |
Dimensions | Statistics | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | EDSS | BMI | ISI | ESS | RLS | SDB | BDI-FS | Fatigue | PA Moderate | PA Vigorous | M (SD) | |
Total sleep time (min) | −0.07 | −0.03 | 0.13 | 0.19 | −0.25 | −0.30 | 0.10 | −0.26 | −0.03 | 0.49 | 0.01 | 417.44 (62.68) |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 0.16 | 0.52 * | −0.05 | −0.51 * | −0.43 | −0.35 | −0.17 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.34 | 81.06 (9.67) |
Sleep onset latency (min) | 0.02 | −0.25 | −0.02 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.17 | −0.11 | 0.22 | −0.30 | −0.26 | 15.51 (10.40) |
WASO time (min) | 0.14 | 0.33 | −0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.28 | −0.19 | −0.27 | 0.18 | 42.24 (4.03) |
REM sleep time (min) | 0.30 | −0.17 | 0.16 | −0.13 | −0.13 | −0.14 | 0.19 | 0.10 | −0.09 | 0.20 | −0.43 | 23.07 (4.02) |
REM (%) | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.41 | −0.42 | −0.00 | 0.39 | −0.07 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 5.13 (0.99) |
Light sleep duration (min) | −0.27 | −0.12 | −0.21 | −0.02 | 0.37 | 0.05 | −0.04 | 0.42 | −0.14 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 276.13 (45.50) |
Light sleep percentage (%) | −0.32 | −0.12 | −0.09 | 0.07 | −0.35 | −0.03 | −0.06 | −0.38 | −0.23 | 0.51 * | −0.16 | 58.00 (5.65) |
Deep sleep duration (min) | 0.32 | −0.16 | −0.07 | −0.28 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.56 * | 0.25 | 87.97 (23.26) |
Deep sleep percentage (%) | 0.43 | 0.16 | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.43 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.07 | −0.71 ** | −0.03 | 19.43 (4.86) |
Dimensions | Statistics | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | EDSS | BMI | ISI | ESS | RLS | SDB | BDI | Fatigue | PA Moderate | PA Vigorous | M (SD) | |
Age (years) | - | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.20 | −0.09 | 0.27 | 0.09 | −0.16 | −0.06 | 0.27 | 50.25 (9.59) |
EDSS | - | −0.34 | 0.50 * | 0.54 * | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.41 | −0.06 | −0.61 * | 5.28 (1.19) | |
BMI | - | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.83 ** | 0.35 | 0.08 | 0.26 | −0.10 | 29.59 (5.40) | ||
ISI | - | 0.69 ** | −0.38 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.36 | −0.46 | −0.66 * | 15.12 (6.48) | |||
ESS | - | −0.27 | 0.05 | 0.71 * | 0.45 | −0.03 | 0.49 | 8.37 (5.19) | ||||
RLS | - | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.20 | −0.47 | −0.43 | 15.81 (1.32) | |||||
SDB | - | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.13 | −0.14 | 1.81 (0.75) | ||||||
BDI | 0.53 * | −0.08 | −0.02 | 9.44 (4.89) | ||||||||
Fatigue | - | −0.30 | 0.09 | 48.63 (16.26) | ||||||||
PA moderate (min) | - | 0.35 | 328.25 (369.40) | |||||||||
PA vigorous (min) | - | 105.94 (106.15) |
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Sadeghi Bahmani, D.; Gonzenbach, R.; Motl, R.W.; Bansi, J.; Rothen, O.; Niedermoser, D.; Gerber, M.; Brand, S. Better Objective Sleep Was Associated with Better Subjective Sleep and Physical Activity; Results from an Exploratory Study under Naturalistic Conditions among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103522
Sadeghi Bahmani D, Gonzenbach R, Motl RW, Bansi J, Rothen O, Niedermoser D, Gerber M, Brand S. Better Objective Sleep Was Associated with Better Subjective Sleep and Physical Activity; Results from an Exploratory Study under Naturalistic Conditions among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103522
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadeghi Bahmani, Dena, Roman Gonzenbach, Robert W. Motl, Jens Bansi, Oliver Rothen, Daryl Niedermoser, Markus Gerber, and Serge Brand. 2020. "Better Objective Sleep Was Associated with Better Subjective Sleep and Physical Activity; Results from an Exploratory Study under Naturalistic Conditions among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103522
APA StyleSadeghi Bahmani, D., Gonzenbach, R., Motl, R. W., Bansi, J., Rothen, O., Niedermoser, D., Gerber, M., & Brand, S. (2020). Better Objective Sleep Was Associated with Better Subjective Sleep and Physical Activity; Results from an Exploratory Study under Naturalistic Conditions among Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103522