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Reply published on 12 July 2017, see Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14(7), 761.
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Comment

Comment on Giuseppe Genchi et al. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74

1
Diagnostic Imaging Center, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia 19111, PA, USA
2
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
3
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 713451836, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14(7), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070733
Submission received: 4 April 2017 / Revised: 5 July 2017 / Accepted: 5 July 2017 / Published: 6 July 2017
Cenchi et al. [1] have recently published an article entitled “Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases” that is published in Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74; doi:10.3390/ijerph14010074. In this article, the authors reviewed the toxicity of mercury and focused on the toxic effects on the cardiovascular system. Although the paper authored by Cenchi et al. is a well-structured article which can be considered a significant contribution in this field, it has some shortcomings. Over the past several years, we have shown that when dental amalgam fillings are exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or those generated by other sources such as mobile phones, the level of mercury released from dental amalgam restorations can be significantly increased [2,3]. It is worth noting that rapidly increasing advances in modern technologies such as telecommunication and the exponential rise in the use of wireless systems have drastically increased the human exposure to different sources of EMFs (mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, radio and TV broadcasting, etc.). Studies performed on microleakage of amalgam have further confirmed the findings obtained in our studies on EMF-induced accelerated mercury release [4,5]. Furthermore, Kursun et al. have also demonstrated that exposure to X-rays (an energetic part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum) can increase the mercury release from amalgam fillings [6]. Although the mercury levels which normally can be released from amalgam fillings, even in the presence of EMFs, are not high enough to cause toxicity, a hypersensitive subpopulation, pregnant women, and children may be affected by this phenomenon. These findings have recently been reviewed by Mortazavi and Mortazavi [7]. Based on the substantial evidence provided above, a shortcoming of this review conducted by Cenchi et al. [1] comes from this point that these researchers have not considered the substantial evidence which indicates the role of exposure to EMFs on the release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Genchi, G.; Sinicropi, M.S.; Carocci, A.; Lauria, G.; Catalano, A. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Mortazavi, S.; Neghab, M.; Anoosheh, S.; Bahaeddini, N.; Mortazavi, G.; Neghab, P.; Rajaeifard, A. High-field MRI and mercury release from dental amalgam fillings. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2014, 5, 101–105. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
  3. Mortazavi, S.; Daiee, E.; Yazdi, A.; Khiabani, K.; Kavousi, A.; Vazirinejad, R.; Behnejad, B.; Ghasemi, M.; Mood, M.B. Mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after magnetic resonance imaging and following mobile phone use. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 2008, 11, 1142–1146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Yilmaz, S.; Misirlioglu, M. The effect of 3 T MRI on microleakage of amalgam restorations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013, 42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Shahidi, S.H.; Bronoosh, P.; Alavi, A.A.; Zamiri, B.; Sadeghi, A.R.; Bagheri, M.H.; Javadpour, S. Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on microleakage of amalgam restorations: An in vitro study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009, 38, 470–474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Kursun, S.; Öztas, B.; Atas, H.; Tastekin, M. Effects of X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging on mercury release from dental amalgam into artificial saliva. Oral Radiol. 2014, 30, 142–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Mortazavi, G.; Mortazavi, S.M. Increased mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields as a potential hazard for hypersensitive people and pregnant women: Reviews on environmental health. Rev. Environ. Health 2015, 30, 287–292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mortazavi, S.M.J.; Mortazavi, G.; Paknahad, M. Comment on Giuseppe Genchi et al. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070733

AMA Style

Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi G, Paknahad M. Comment on Giuseppe Genchi et al. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(7):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070733

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mortazavi, S. M. J., Ghazal Mortazavi, and Maryam Paknahad. 2017. "Comment on Giuseppe Genchi et al. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 74" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070733

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