Study of the Accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Chemicals and Reagents
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.4. Measurements
2.5. Optimization and Characterization of the Analytical Method
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analytical Method
3.2. Metal Content in Fruits
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Limit of Detection/Quanitfication | As | Cd | Li | Mo | Pb | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOD (3 s) μg/L | 0.003100 | 0.000330 | 0.099000 | 0.013000 | 0.001400 | 0.062000 |
LOQ (10 s) μg/L | 0.010000 | 0.001100 | 0.330000 | 0.044000 | 0.004800 | 0.210000 |
LOD (3 s) mg/kg | 0.000310 | 0.000033 | 0.009900 | 0.001300 | 0.000140 | 0.006200 |
LOQ (10 s) mg/kg | 0.001000 | 0.000110 | 0.033000 | 0.004400 | 0.000480 | 0.021000 |
As | Cd | Mo | Pb | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Found (mg/kg) mean minimum–maximum | 0.276 0.271–0.284 | 0.186 0.174–0.194 | 0.300 0.271–0.318 | 1.78 1.72–1.83 |
CRM (mg/kg) | 0.28 ± 0.07 * | 0.17 ± 0.04 * | 0.32 ± 0.08 * | 1.8 ± 0.4 * |
Recovery (%) | 98 | 110 | 94 | 99 |
Year of Harvest | Maturity State | As | Cd | Mo | Pb | Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | immature | <LOD | 0.010–0.018–0.021 | 0.94–1.2–1.4 | 0.082–0.11–0.13 | 0.28–0.35–0.37 |
ripe | 0.054–0.19 *–0.23 | 0.022–0.024–0.026 | 0.94–1.3–1.5 | 0.081–0.089–0.098 | 0.26–0.28–0.31 | |
2011 | immature | 0.23–0.40–0.46 | 0.012–0.019–0.029 | 0.68–0.76–0.82 | 0.098–0.14–0.16 | 0.078–0.088–0.11 |
ripe | 0.47–0.61–0.84 | 0.010–0.015–0.022 | 0.76–0.81–0.83 | 0.12–0.19–0.26 | <LOD | |
windfall | 0.46–0.54–0.58 | 0.013–0.025–0.030 | 0.74–0.77–0.81 | 0.14–0.15–0.17 | <LOD |
Month | 2009 | 2011 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature * | Rain * | Temperature * | Rain * | |
January | 40 | 96 | 83 | 9 |
February | 67 | 43 | 39 | 7 |
March | 72 | 46 | 67 | 3 |
April | >99 | 8 | 96 | 8 |
May | 98 | 19 | 75 | 10 |
June | 71 | 95 | 95 | 84 |
July | 96 | 99 | 92 | 67 |
August | 99 | 21 | >99 | 25 |
September | 92 | 10 | 99 | 10 |
Month | 2009 | 2011 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) * | Rain (L/m2) | Temperature (°C) * | Rain (L/m2) | |
January | 0.0 | 113.2 | 0.1 | 15.3 |
February | 1.4 | 40.4 | 0.8 | 13.5 |
March | 4.8 | 53.6 | 4.4 | 21.0 |
April | 11.5 | 33.3 | 11.0 | 31.2 |
May | 15.9 | 44.2 | 12.1 | 31.7 |
June | 14.0 | 153.2 | 18.7 | 125 |
July | 20.5 | 171.4 | 19.7 | 88.3 |
August | 20.4 | 37.3 | 20.6 | 42.0 |
September | 14.9 | 30.2 | 16.0 | 30.2 |
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Zeiner, M.; Juranović Cindrić, I.; Majić, B.; Stingeder, G. Study of the Accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040341
Zeiner M, Juranović Cindrić I, Majić B, Stingeder G. Study of the Accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(4):341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040341
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeiner, Michaela, Iva Juranović Cindrić, Boris Majić, and Gerhard Stingeder. 2017. "Study of the Accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 4: 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040341