Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data and Measures
MPOWER
2.2. Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)
2.3. Methodology
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Name | Description |
---|---|
Individual-level variables | |
Current smoking | Binary variable for smoking cigarettes in the past month. |
Daily smoking | Binary variable for smoking cigarettes daily in the past month. |
Regular smoking | Binary variable for smoking ≥1 cigarettes on days when they smoked in the past month. |
Age dummies | Binary indicators for 8 age categories (≤11 years as old-referent) from age 12 to 16, and ≥17 |
Parents’ smoking status | Binary indicator for 5 categories of parents’ smoking status (neither as referent), both, father only, mother only and missing/don’t know |
Individual-Level | Mean | (95% C.I.) | Country-level | Mean | (95% C.I.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current Smoking | 0.142 | (0.122, 0.161) | POS ad ban | 0.240 | (0.145, 0.335) |
Daily Smoking | 0.021 | (0.016, 0.026) | M score | 2.825 | (2.647, 3.002) |
Regular Smoking | 0.091 | (0.078, 0.105) | M no data | 0.091 | (0.039, 0.143) |
Age dummies | P score | 2.527 | (2.317, 2.737) | ||
≤11 | 0.061 | (0.037, 0.084) | P no data | 0.068 | (0.000,0.149) |
12 | 0.089 | (0.074, 0.105) | O score | 3.305 | (3.171, 3.438) |
13 | 0.187 | (0.163, 0.210) | W score | 2.674 | (2.424, 2.923) |
14 | 0.226 | (0.206, 0.246) | E score | 3.135 | (2.898, 3.372) |
15 | 0.204 | (0.185, 0.222) | R score | 3.380 | (3.193, 3.566) |
16 | 0.121 | (0.104, 0.138) | R no data | 0.017 | (0.000,0.038) |
≥17 | 0.070 | (0.047, 0.093) | GDP per capita | 4.709 | (3.621, 5.797) |
Missing | 0.043 | (0.000,0.102) | -- | -- | -- |
Parent smoking status | -- | -- | -- | ||
Both | 0.070 | (0.056, 0.083) | -- | -- | -- |
Father only | 0.252 | (0.219, 0.285) | -- | -- | -- |
Mother only | 0.040 | (0.030, 0.050) | -- | -- | -- |
Neither | 0.566 | (0.531, 0.601) | -- | -- | -- |
Don’t know | 0.072 | (0.041, 0.104) | -- | -- | -- |
Male | 0.494 | (0.487, 0.501) | -- | -- | -- |
Variables | Current Smoking | Daily Smoking | Regular Smoking | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR | (95% C.I.) | AOR | (95% C.I.) | AOR | (95% C.I.) | |
POS ad ban | 0.727 * | (0.528, 1.003) | 0.699 * | (0.482, 1.014) | 0.749 ** | (0.562, 0.999) |
Age Dummies | ||||||
12 | 1.160 | (0.559, 2.409) | 1.420 | (0.320, 6.294) | 1.178 | (0.456, 3.043) |
13 | 0.852 | (0.519, 1.398) | 0.591 | (0.265, 1.318) | 0.845 | (0.474, 1.505) |
14 | 1.104 | (0.693, 1.760) | 0.940 | (0.462, 1.913) | 1.188 | (0.694, 2.034) |
15 | 1.533 * | (0.969, 2.426) | 1.785 * | (0.929, 3.430) | 1.759 ** | (1.039, 2.977) |
16 | 2.074 *** | (1.318, 3.263) | 3.104 *** | (1.726, 5.580) | 2.471 *** | (1.487, 4.108) |
17 | 2.756 *** | (1.760, 4.316) | 5.121 *** | (2.761, 9.498) | 3.391 *** | (2.042, 5.632) |
Missing | 1.005 | (0.424, 2.381) | 1.341 | (0.664, 2.707) | 1.231 | (0.557, 2.719) |
Parents’ Smoking | ||||||
Both | 3.346 *** | (2.882, 3.884) | 4.911 *** | (4.061, 5.939) | 3.497 *** | (3.025, 4.043) |
Father only | 1.762 *** | (1.600, 1.940) | 1.969 *** | (1.746, 2.222) | 1.857 *** | (1.690, 2.039) |
Mother only | 2.857 *** | (2.438, 3.347) | 3.814 *** | (3.182, 4.571) | 3.117 *** | (2.675, 3.631) |
Don’t know | 1.839 *** | (1.405, 2.409) | 2.545 *** | (1.742, 3.719) | 2.054 *** | (1.532, 2.754) |
Other Controls | ||||||
Male | 1.683 *** | (1.406, 2.015) | 1.702 *** | (1.408, 2.058) | 1.684 *** | (1.410, 2.011) |
M score | 0.957 | (0.806, 1.137) | 1.011 | (0.799, 1.278) | 0.961 | (0.814, 1.134) |
M score missing | 0.709 * | (0.475, 1.058) | 0.555 * | (0.301, 1.025) | 0.605 ** | (0.403, 0.909) |
P score | 1.058 | (0.923, 1.213) | 1.028 | (0.850, 1.243) | 1.055 | (0.911, 1.221) |
P score missing | 0.985 | (0.555, 1.750) | 1.290 | (0.539, 3.086) | 1.072 | (0.566, 2.028) |
O score | 0.992 | (0.762, 1.291) | 1.297 ** | (1.010, 1.665) | 1.137 | (0.932, 1.386) |
W score | 1.066 | (0.855, 1.328) | 0.931 | (0.778, 1.113) | 0.979 | (0.851, 1.126) |
E score | 1.019 | (0.885, 1.173) | 1.343 | (1.111, 1.624) | 1.093 | (0.954, 1.251) |
R score | 1.450 *** | (1.269, 1.657) | 1.528 *** | (1.252, 1.865) | 1.473 *** | (1.284, 1.690) |
R score missing | 4.366 *** | (1.917, 9.943) | 7.525 *** | (2.321,24.400) | 4.911 *** | (1.833,13.157) |
GDP per Capita | 1.022 *** | (1.007, 1.037) | 1.037 *** | (1.019, 1.055) | 1.028 *** | (1.013, 1.043) |
Variables | Current Smoking | Daily Smoking | Regular Smoking | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prior | Later | Random | Prior | Later | Random | Prior | Later | Random | |
Marginal Effect | −0.036 * | −0.040 * | −0.038 * | −0.007 * | −0.007 * | −0.007 * | −0.022 ** | −0.024 ** | −0.023 ** |
(S.E.) | (0.019) | (0.020) | (0.019) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.011) |
Elasticity | −0.273 * | −0.307 * | −0.286 * | −0.350 * | −0.340 * | −0.341 * | −0.262 ** | −0.279 ** | −0.266 ** |
(S.E.) | (0.139) | (0.151) | (0.143) | (0.184) | (0.186) | (0.182) | (0.132) | (0.131) | (0.129) |
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Share and Cite
Shang, C.; Huang, J.; Cheng, K.-W.; Li, Q.; Chaloupka, F.J. Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030306
Shang C, Huang J, Cheng K-W, Li Q, Chaloupka FJ. Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(3):306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030306
Chicago/Turabian StyleShang, Ce, Jidong Huang, Kai-Wen Cheng, Qing Li, and Frank J. Chaloupka. 2016. "Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 3: 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030306
APA StyleShang, C., Huang, J., Cheng, K.-W., Li, Q., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2016). Global Evidence on the Association between POS Advertising Bans and Youth Smoking Participation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030306