The Joint Influence of Gender and Amount of Smoking on Weight Gain One Year after Smoking Cessation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Outcomes and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Covariates and Assumptions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Characteristics | PHASMO (n = 417) | CAROSS (n = 333) | p-value for Difference | Overall (n = 750) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 42.7 (9.8) | 51.4 (9.8) | <0.001 * | 46.6 (9.8) |
Women, No. (%) | 181 (43.4) | 146 (43.8) | 0.90 † | 327 (43.6) |
Education level, No. (%) ‡ | 0.09 § | |||
9 years | 49 (12.3) | 33 (10.6) | 82 (11.5) | |
12 years | 223 (55.9) | 209 (67.2) | 432 (60.9) | |
14 years | 72 (18.0) | 32 (10.3) | 104 (14.6) | |
16 years | 55 (13.8) | 37 (11.9) | 92 (13.0) | |
No. cigarettes per day at baseline, median (IQ range) | 25 (20–30) | 20 (17–30) | <0.001 § | 22 (20–30) |
Follow-up, No. (%) || | <0.001 | |||
<20 weeks | 110 (26.4) | 0 (0.0) | 110 (14.7) | |
20–40 weeks | 25 (6.0) | 2 (0.6) | 27 (3.6) | |
>40 weeks | 282 (67.6) | 331 (99.4) | 613 (81.7) | |
Cumulative duration of abstinence, No. (%) | 0.50 ¶ | |||
<20 weeks | 212 (50.8) | 174 (52.3) | 386 (51.5) | |
20–40 weeks | 50 (12.0) | 31 (9.3) | 81 (10.8) | |
>40 weeks | 155 (37.2) | 128 (38.4) | 284 (37.7) | |
Absolute weight gain, kg #, mean (SD) | 2.7 (3.6) | 2.4 (3.8) | 0.31 * | 2.6 (3.7) |
Relative weight gain, %, mean (SD) | 3.8 (5.1) | 3.2 (5.0) | 0.11 * | 3.6 (5.0) |
Cumulative Duration of Abstinence, No. (%) | Absolute Weight Gain, kg, Mean (SD) | Relative Weight Gain, %, Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
<20 weeks | 1.2 (2.6) | 1.7 (3.7) |
20–40 weeks | 2.0 (4.4) | 3.1 (5.9) |
>40 weeks | 4.6 (3.8) | 6.2 (5.2) |
Characteristics | Outcome = Absolute Weight Gain (kg) | Outcome = Relative Weight Gain (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Estimate (95% CI) | p-value | |
Intercept | 1.1 * (0.3; 1.9) | 0.005 | 1.4 (0.3; 2.5) | 0.02 |
Study | ||||
CAROSS | Reference | Reference | ||
PHASMO | −0.1 (−0.7; 0.4) | 0.66 | 0.1 (−0.7; 0.8) | 0.89 |
Group | ||||
Control | Reference | Reference | ||
Intervention | −0.1 (−0.5; 0.4) | 0.81 | −0.2 (−0.8; 0.5) | 0.65 |
Abstinence | ||||
<20 weeks | Reference | Reference | ||
20–40 weeks | 0.9 † (0.1; 1.7) | 0.02 | 1.5 (0.4; 2.6) | 0.009 |
>40 weeks | 3.4 ‡ (2.9; 3.9) | <0.001 | 4.6 (3.9; 5.3) | <0.001 |
Age (10 years) | −0.3 (−0.6; 0.0) | 0.02 | −0.4 (−0.8; −0.1) | 0.02 |
Sex | ||||
Men | Reference | |||
Women | −1.2 § (−2.2; −0.2) | 0.02 | −1.0 (−2.4; 0.4) | 0.16 |
√NCB || | 0.2 # (−0.2; 0.5) | 0.32 | 0.2 (−0.3; 0.6) | 0.52 |
Sex √NCB | 0.5 ** (0.0; 1.1) | 0.05 | 0.8 (0.0; 1.5) | 0.04 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locatelli, I.; Collet, T.-H.; Clair, C.; Rodondi, N.; Cornuz, J. The Joint Influence of Gender and Amount of Smoking on Weight Gain One Year after Smoking Cessation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 8443-8455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110808443
Locatelli I, Collet T-H, Clair C, Rodondi N, Cornuz J. The Joint Influence of Gender and Amount of Smoking on Weight Gain One Year after Smoking Cessation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(8):8443-8455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110808443
Chicago/Turabian StyleLocatelli, Isabella, Tinh-Hai Collet, Carole Clair, Nicolas Rodondi, and Jacques Cornuz. 2014. "The Joint Influence of Gender and Amount of Smoking on Weight Gain One Year after Smoking Cessation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 8: 8443-8455. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110808443