Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Maintenance and Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test
2.3. Transgenic Medaka (Oryzias melastigma) Maintenance
2.4. Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity Test
3. Results
3.1. Acute Toxicity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures
3.2. Estrogenic Activity of Phthalates
3.3. Enhanced-/Anti-estrogenic Activity of Phthalates
3.4. Estrogen Disrupting Activity of Phthalate Mixtures
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, X.; Xu, S.; Tan, T.; Lee, S.T.; Cheng, S.H.; Lee, F.W.F.; Xu, S.J.L.; Ho, K.C. Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 3156-3168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110303156
Chen X, Xu S, Tan T, Lee ST, Cheng SH, Lee FWF, Xu SJL, Ho KC. Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(3):3156-3168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110303156
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xueping, Shisan Xu, Tianfeng Tan, Sin Ting Lee, Shuk Han Cheng, Fred Wang Fat Lee, Steven Jing Liang Xu, and Kin Chung Ho. 2014. "Toxicity and Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Activity of Phthalates and Their Mixtures" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 3: 3156-3168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110303156