Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum N29
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural Characteristics of the Exopolysaccharide PJ1-1
2.2. Influence of PJ1-1 on α-Glucosidase Activity In Vitro
2.3. Antidiabetic Activity In Vivo of PJ1-1
2.3.1. Effects of PJ1-1 on Body Weight and Fasting Blood Glucose Level
2.3.2. Effect of PJ1-1 on Glucose Tolerance
2.3.3. Effect of PJ1-1 on Insulin Resistance
2.3.4. Influences of PJ1-1 on Lipid Metabolism
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Animals
3.3. Strains and Culture Conditions
3.4. Preparation of the Exopolysaccharide PJ1-1
3.5. Composition Analysis
3.6. Methylation Analysis
3.7. Spectroscopy Analysis
3.8. α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Assay
3.9. In Vivo Experiment
3.9.1. Animal Experimental Design
3.9.2. FBG and OGTT
3.9.3. Assays of Fasting Insulin Content and Related Indexes
3.9.4. Determination for Lipid Metabolic Parameter Levels
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methylated Alditol Acetate | Molar Percent Ratio | Linkage Pattern |
---|---|---|
1,5-Di-O-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl mannitol | 8.11 | Manp-(1→ |
1,4-Di-O-acetyl-2,3,5,6-tri-O-methyl galactitol | 7.50 | Galf-(1→ |
1,2,5-Tri-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-methyl mannitol | 29.45 | →2)-Manp-(1→ |
1,4,5-Tri-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl mannitol | 15.15 | →4)-Manp-(1→ |
1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-5,6-O-methyl galactitol | 11.48 | →2,3)-Galf (1→ |
1,2,4-Tri-O-acetyl-3,5,6-di-O-methyl galactitol | 13.01 | →2)-Galf-(1→ |
1,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-2,5,6-di-O-methyl galactitol | 15.30 | →3)-Galf-(1→ |
Sugar Residues | Chemical Shifts (ppm) a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1/C1 | H2/C2 | H3/C3 | H4/C4 | H5/C5 | H6/C6 | |
→2)-α-D-Manp-(1→ | 5.29/102.19 | 4.15/79.67 | 4.01/71.64 | 3.71/71.39 | 3.66/68.35 | 3.76/62.48 |
→2,3)-β-D-Galf-(1→ | 5.25/108.67 | 4.17/89.53 | 4.10/75.87 | 3.87/81.42 | 3.98/61.98 | -/- |
→2)-β-D-Galf-(1→ | 5.23/106.25 | 4.17/89.53 | 4.03/71.64 | 3.87/83.23 | 3.78/61.98 | -/- |
β-D-Galf-(1→ | 5.20/107.87 | 4.15/79.90 | 4.01/71.56 | 3.73/82.30 | -/- | -/- |
→4)-α-D-Manp-(1→ | 5.16/99.76 | 4.10/71.56 | 3.87/71.97 | 3.82/74.78 | 3.72/68.47 | 3.65/64.28 |
α-D-Manp-(1→ | 5.12/103.79 | 3.92/71.56 | 4.01/71.64 | 3.75/67.96 | 3.72/64.30 | 3.92/62.58 |
→3)-β-D-Galf-(1→ | 5.08/109.31 | 4.18/82.61 | 4.07/79.78 | 3.77/83.67 | 3.72/64.30 | -/- |
Fasting Blood Glucose Level (mmol/L) a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC | MC | PC | PJ1-1-H | PJ1-1-M | PJ1-1-L | |
0 week | 5.25 ± 0.18 | 18.21 ± 0.77 ## | 20.15 ± 2.15 ## | 20.67 ± 2.08 ## | 21.02 ± 2.66 ## | 22.14 ± 1.92 ## |
1 week | 5.19 ± 0.18 | 21.47 ± 1.10 ## | 21.18 ± 2.15 | 21.28 ± 2.11 | 21.06 ± 2.21 | 20.89 ± 1.51 |
2 week | 5.27 ± 0.32 | 21.50 ± 1.10 ## | 21.12 ± 1.60 | 18.62 ± 1.04 ** | 19.59 ± 1.73 | 20.12 ± 1.54 |
3 week | 5.19 ± 0.18 | 21.77 ± 0.89 ## | 18.18 ± 0.99 ** | 16.60 ± 1.62 ** | 16.33 ± 1.75 ** | 18.82 ± 1.37 ** |
4 week | 5.10 ± 0.25 | 22.13 ± 0.76 ## | 14.40 ± 0.90 ** | 15.32 ± 1.44 ** | 16.77 ± 1.47 ** | 17.62 ± 0.97 ** |
5 week | 5.19 ± 0.32 | 21.75 ± 1.36 ## | 9.75 ± 1.34 ** | 12.58 ± 0.77 ** | 15.42 ± 1.58 ** | 16.91 ± 1.71 ** |
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Shao, Z.; Tian, Y.; Liu, S.; Chu, X.; Mao, W. Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum N29. Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21050270
Shao Z, Tian Y, Liu S, Chu X, Mao W. Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum N29. Marine Drugs. 2023; 21(5):270. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21050270
Chicago/Turabian StyleShao, Zhuling, Yingying Tian, Shan Liu, Xiao Chu, and Wenjun Mao. 2023. "Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium janthinellum N29" Marine Drugs 21, no. 5: 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21050270