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26 pages, 8526 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eco-Friendly Wall Cladding Panels from Recycled Fishing Gear and Clamshell Waste

by Zakariae Belmokhtar, Patrice Cousin, Saïd Elkoun and Mathieu Robert

J. Compos. Sci. 2024, 8(11), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8110484 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1472

Eco-friendly wall cladding panels were developed from fishing industry waste by incorporating discarded ropes, wood fibers from lobster cages, and clamshell powder. Four panel formulations were investigated using MAPP and MAPE coupling agents: FRW-M (97% fishing rope), 30WF-M (67% rope with 30% wood fibers), 30CS-M (67% rope with 30% clamshell powder), and a hybrid 15CS15WF-M (67% rope with 15% each of wood fibers and clamshell powder). A DSC analysis revealed that clamshell powder addition reduced melting temperatures and crystallinity, while wood fiber incorporation led to slight increases in melting temperatures. The hybrid formulation exhibited enhanced crystallization temperatures despite lower overall crystallinity. A dynamic mechanical analysis showed an 85% improvement in storage modulus for the hybrid panel, with flexural testing demonstrating a 202% increase in modulus and 20% increase in strength. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed improved filler dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the hybrid formulation. Water absorption was lowest in FRW-M and highest in 30WF-M, while burning rate tests showed 30CS-M and 30WF-M as the best and worst performers, respectively. The hybrid formulation emerged as the optimal solution, combining enhanced mechanical properties with improved water resistance and fire retardancy, presenting a viable sustainable alternative for wall cladding applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biocomposites)

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11 pages, 2262 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transforming Waste Clamshell into Highly Selective Nanostructured Catalysts for Solvent Free Liquid Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

by Nafiseh Sadat Saffari, Behzad Aghabarari, Masoumeh Javaheri, Ali Khanlarkhani and Maria Victoria Martinez-Huerta

Catalysts 2022, 12(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020155 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2931

Abstract

High yield production of benzaldehyde in the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol by using green catalysts is highly desirable. In this work, calcium hydroxide derived from waste clamshell was used as low-cost and environmentally friendly catalyst support (CaSUP) for Pd and V nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were analyzed using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde was studied in a liquid phase reaction by using H₂O₂ as an oxidizing agent. The effects of catalyst loading, the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to benzyl alcohol, temperature and reaction duration were investigated. In the optimized conditions, Pd nanoparticles supported on clamshell-derived supports displayed excellent catalytic conversion (88%) and selectivity to benzaldehyde (89%). Furthermore, the catalyst can be effectively reused without a significant loss in its activity and selectivity. The high yield and stability can be related to the structural and basic properties of the catalyst. These results provide important insights into the benzyl alcohol oxidation process for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications of Nanomaterials)

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20 pages, 13176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bio-Packaging Material Impact on Blueberries Quality Attributes under Transport and Marketing Conditions

by María Julieta Bof, Franco Emanuel Laurent, Facundo Massolo, Delia Elisa Locaso, Florencia Versino and María Alejandra García

Polymers 2021, 13(4), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040481 - 3 Feb 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5998

Abstract

Blueberries are highly appreciated for their high antioxidant content but are also particularly susceptible to fungal deterioration. In this work, corn starch and chitosan, byproducts of the fishing industry, as well as active compounds obtained from citrus processing waste were used to obtain active biodegradable film packaging. Blueberries were packed in corn starch–chitosan (CS:CH) films and in active films containing lemon essential oil (LEO) or grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The effects of film packaging on the quality parameters of berries and the fungal incidence of disease during storage were studied and compared to benchmark materials. A conservation assay simulating transport and commercialization conditions was conducted. Blueberries packed in CS:CH films showed antioxidant capacity values closer to those packed in commercial PET containers (Clamshells), preserving 84.8% of the initial antioxidants content. Fruit packed in LEO films exhibited the greatest weight loss and rot incidence, and poor surface color. CS:CH and GSE films controlled the fruit respiration rate and weight loss, therefore they are materials with adequate barrier properties for blueberries conservation. Bags formulated with GSE showed adequate barrier properties to maintain fruit quality attributes without the incidence of rottenness, being an interesting option for blueberries exportation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Plastics for Active/Intelligent Food Packaging)

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14 pages, 4329 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Comparison of Foam Glass-Ceramics with Different Composition Derived from Ark Clamshell (ACS) and Soda Lime Silica (SLS) Glass Bottles Sintered at Various Temperatures

by Noor Aizat Noor Hisham, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid, Sidek Hj Ab Aziz and Farah Diana Muhammad

Materials 2021, 14(3), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030570 - 26 Jan 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2800

Abstract

Soda lime silica (SLS) waste as the source of silica (SiO₂) and ark clamshell (ACS) as the foaming agent has been utilized to fabricate the low-cost and lightweight foam glass-ceramics. A series of 1 and 6 wt% foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method at various sintering temperatures for 60 min. The bulk density of the samples has achieved minimum density (1.014 g/cm³) with maximum expansion (62.31%) at 6 wt% of the ACS content sintered at 800 °C for 60 min. The bulk density increases while the linear shrinkage and total porosity decrease with the progression of ACS contents and sintering temperature, where the results correspond with the FESEM micrograph. The result of XRD and FTIR transmittance spectra have shown that the formation of wollastonite crystal has occurred starting at 6 wt% of the ACS content sintered at 800 °C for 30 min. The highest mechanical performance (3.90 MPa) with an average total porosity (8.04%) is observed for the sample containing 1 wt% of ACS. It can be concluded that the composition of foam glass-ceramics (1 and 6 wt%) and sintering temperatures give significant results to the structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the fabricated foam glass-ceramics. Full article

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13 pages, 3905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacteriostatic Effect of a Calcined Waste Clamshell-Activated Plastic Film for Food Packaging

by Chien-Ya Kao, Yen-Chieh Huang, Sheng-Yi Chiu, Ko-Liang Kuo and Pai-An Hwang

Materials 2018, 11(8), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081370 - 7 Aug 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5435

Abstract

The addition of calcined waste clamshells (CCS) into polyethylene (PE) plastic bags imparts antibacterial properties due to the presence of CaO. In this study, different proportions of calcined waste clamshells were added to PE to explore its bacteriostatic effects. The PE plastic bags with 9% and 11% of CCS exhibited antibacterial efficacy. Further, total aerobic viable count (TVC) values for raw fish fillet packaging in 9% and 11% CCS-PE plastic bags for five days were similar to the 0% CCS-PE plastic bag group after three days of incubation. In addition, the CCS-PE plastic bag demonstrated stability against solvents when examined using the metal migration test under heptane, ethanol, and acetic acid treatments. The results revealed that the CCS-PE bag retains its CaO bacteriostatic efficacy and that the addition of CCS powder to PE prolongs the shelf life of raw fish fillets, as well as mitigating safety concerns from metal leakage. Full article

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