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Keywords = truncated-IK protein (tIK protein)

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11 pages, 2193 KiB  
Article
Structural Studies of Expressed tIK, Anti-Inflammatory Peptide
by Minseon Kim and Yongae Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010636 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2062
Abstract
Cytokine imbalance is one of the causes of inflammation. Inflammation has yet to be adequately treated without side effects. Therefore, we tried to develop a peptide drug with minimal side effects. Peptide drugs have the advantage of being bio-friendly and bio-specific. In a [...] Read more.
Cytokine imbalance is one of the causes of inflammation. Inflammation has yet to be adequately treated without side effects. Therefore, we tried to develop a peptide drug with minimal side effects. Peptide drugs have the advantage of being bio-friendly and bio-specific. In a previous study, three peptides with anti-inflammatory activity were derived based on a truncated IK (tIK) protein, which was a fragment of the IK protein with anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to optimize the process of expressing, isolating, and purifying the three peptides using bacterial strains and describe the process. Circular dichroism and solution state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed on the final purified high-purity peptide and its secondary structure was also identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances on Small Molecule for Multitarget-Based Treatment of Human Diseases 2.0)
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11 pages, 4559 KiB  
Article
Homology Modeling and Optimized Expression of Truncated IK Protein, tIK, as an Anti-Inflammatory Peptide
by Yuyoung Song, Minseon Kim and Yongae Kim
Molecules 2020, 25(19), 4358; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194358 - 23 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2833
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, caused by abnormalities in the autoimmune system, affects about 1% of the population. Rheumatoid arthritis does not yet have a proper treatment, and current treatment has various side effects. Therefore, there is a need for a therapeutic agent that can effectively [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis, caused by abnormalities in the autoimmune system, affects about 1% of the population. Rheumatoid arthritis does not yet have a proper treatment, and current treatment has various side effects. Therefore, there is a need for a therapeutic agent that can effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis without side effects. Recently, research on pharmaceutical drugs based on peptides has been actively conducted to reduce negative effects. Because peptide drugs are bio-friendly and bio-specific, they are characterized by no side effects. Truncated-IK (tIK) protein, a fragment of IK protein, has anti-inflammatory effects, including anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity. This study focused on the fact that tIK protein phosphorylates the interleukin 10 receptor. Through homology modeling with interleukin 10, short tIK epitopes were proposed to find the essential region of the sequence for anti-inflammatory activity. TH17 differentiation experiments were also performed with the proposed epitope. A peptide composed of 18 amino acids with an anti-inflammatory effect was named tIK-18mer. Additionally, a tIK 9-mer and a 14-mer were also found. The procedure for the experimental expression of the proposed tIK series (9-mer, 14-mer, and 18-mer) using bacterial strain is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioproducts for Health)
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15 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Truncated IK Protein in Inflammatory Arthritis
by Seulgi Choi, HyeLim Park, SeoYeon Jung, Eun-Kyung Kim, Mi-La Cho, Jun-Ki Min, Su-Jin Moon, Sang-Myeong Lee, Jang-Hee Cho, Dong-Hee Lee and Jae-Hwan Nam
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(9), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091976 - 14 Sep 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4559
Abstract
Inhibitor K562 (IK) protein was first isolated from the culture medium of K562, a leukemia cell line. It is known to be an inhibitory regulator of interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II expression. Previously, we found that transgenic (Tg) mice constitutively expressing [...] Read more.
Inhibitor K562 (IK) protein was first isolated from the culture medium of K562, a leukemia cell line. It is known to be an inhibitory regulator of interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II expression. Previously, we found that transgenic (Tg) mice constitutively expressing truncated IK (tIK) showed reduced numbers of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells, which are known to be involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated whether exogenous tIK protein has a therapeutic effect in arthritis in disease models and analyzed its mechanism. Exogenous tIK protein was produced in an insect expression system and applied to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse disease model. Injection of tIK protein alleviated the symptoms of arthritis in the CAIA model and reduced Th1 and Th17 cell populations. In addition, treatment of cultured T cells with tIK protein induced expression of A20, a negative regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB)-induced inflammation, and reduced expression of several transcription factors related to T cell activation. We conclude that exogenous tIK protein has the potential to act as a new therapeutic agent for RA patients, because it has a different mode of action to biopharmaceutical agents, such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists, that are currently used to treat RA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signaling Pathway of Immune Cells and Immune Disorder)
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