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To reveal the stable bearing capacity of a new semi-rigid dome structure, the tensile–beam cable dome (TBCD), a detailed numerical simulation and analysis of a 60 m model TBCD is conducted. Then, the effects of factors such as the prestress level, original imperfection size, original imperfection distribution, and addition of hoop tension rods on the stability of the TBCD model are investigated. The results show that the unstable loads of the TBCD are arranged from small to large in the following order: doubly nonlinearity with an original imperfection, geometry nonlinearity with an original imperfection, geometry nonlinearity without an original imperfection, and eigen buckling. In this case, the effects of geometry nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, and original imperfections must be comprehensively analyzed. The unstable mode of the TBCD depends on the loading form. Torsional buckling of the overall structure occurs under the symmetric load of ‘Full live + full dead’, while local out-of-plane buckling appears with the asymmetric load of ‘Half live + full dead’. With 2–3 times the loading integrations, the innermost tension beams change from stretch bending to pressurized bending, which causes the overall TBCD to become unstable. A small prestress level clearly decreases the stability of the TBCD, while a relatively large prestress level has little effect. When the original imperfection is greater than 1/400 of the span, the stability of the TBCD is problematic. Comprehensively considering the impact of multiple defects is needed when analyzing the buckling of the TBCD. Adding hoop tension beams between the top ends of rods can effectively improve the integrity and stability of the TBCD. Full article