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The complex and variable operating conditions of sucker-rod pumping wells pose a significant challenge for the timely and accurate identification of oil well operating conditions. Effective deep learning based on measured multi-source data obtained from the sucker-rod pumping well production site offers a promising solution to the challenge. However, existing deep learning-based operating condition recognition methods are constrained by several factors: the limitations of traditional operating condition recognition methods based on single-source and multi-source data, the need for large amounts of labeled data for training, and the high robustness requirement for recognizing complex and variable data. Therefore, we propose a semi-supervised class-incremental sucker-rod pumping well operating condition recognition method based on measured multi-source data distillation. Firstly, we select measured ground dynamometer cards and measured electrical power cards as information sources, and construct the graph neural network teacher models for data sources, and dynamically fuse the prediction probability of each teacher model through the Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism. Then, we introduce a multi-source data distillation loss. It uses Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence to measure the difference between the output logic of the teacher and student models. This helps reduce the forgetting of old operating condition category knowledge during class-incremental learning. Finally, we employ a multi-source semi-supervised graph classification method based on enhanced label propagation, which improves the label propagation method through a logistic regression classifier. This method can deeply explore the potential relationship between labeled and unlabeled samples, so as to further enhance the classification performance. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superior recognition performance and enhanced engineering practicality in real-world class-incremental oil extraction production scenarios with complex and variable operating conditions. Full article