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Keywords = stray gassing of mineral oils

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15 pages, 318 KiB  
Review
Review on Gassing Tendency of Different Insulating Fluids towards Transformer Applications
by Arputhasamy Joseph Amalanathan, Ramanujam Sarathi, Maciej Zdanowski, Ravikrishnan Vinu and Zbigniew Nadolny
Energies 2023, 16(1), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010488 - 2 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4386
Abstract
This paper reports the critical reviews on the gassing tendency of different insulating fluids along with the precautionary measures to be considered during their fault diagnosis in transformer insulation. The experimental techniques and procedures for identifying the gassing due to electrical and thermal [...] Read more.
This paper reports the critical reviews on the gassing tendency of different insulating fluids along with the precautionary measures to be considered during their fault diagnosis in transformer insulation. The experimental techniques and procedures for identifying the gassing due to electrical and thermal stress along with the stray gassing phenomenon has been elucidated. The different interpretation schemes used for determining the faults in transformers results in unexpected errors when the historical data relating to mineral oil is used for the other alternative fluids. Mineral oil and natural ester show a positive gassing tendency compared to synthetic ester which exhibit a negative gassing tendency. The stray gases are mostly due to breakage of C-C bonds under normal operating temperature of transformer. Among the different hydrocarbons, hydrogen and ethylene are more predominantly formed under lower temperatures. The silicone oil and ester fluids are more stable even under localised hot spots simulated observing a lesser gassing compared to the mineral oil. The impact of additives along with the oxygen and water content in the insulating fluids can lead to the stray gas’s causing confusion towards the identification of actual faults occurring in transformers. Furthermore, the regeneration of insulating fluids using different adsorbents reduces the gassing tendency depending on the number of cycles used for its reclamation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Optimization of Power Transformer Diagnostics)
9 pages, 3149 KiB  
Article
Identification of Stray Gassing of Inhibited and Uninhibited Mineral Oils in Transformers
by Michel Duval and Thomas Heizmann
Energies 2020, 13(15), 3886; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13153886 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4791
Abstract
The aim and contribution of this paper is to identify with Duval Pentagon 2 the stray gassing (SG) patterns of inhibited and uninhibited mineral oils in transformers in service and in the well-established laboratory SG tests of CIGRE and ASTM, so that SG [...] Read more.
The aim and contribution of this paper is to identify with Duval Pentagon 2 the stray gassing (SG) patterns of inhibited and uninhibited mineral oils in transformers in service and in the well-established laboratory SG tests of CIGRE and ASTM, so that SG in transformers can be easily distinguished from the other types of faults occurring in them. The SG test of IEC 60296-2020 is inadequate or much less effective for that purpose. Full article
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12 pages, 4539 KiB  
Article
Influence of Aging on Oil Degradation and Gassing Tendency for Mineral oil and Synthetic Ester under Low Energy Discharge Electrical Faults
by L. Loiselle, U. Mohan Rao and I. Fofana
Energies 2020, 13(3), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030595 - 29 Jan 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4021
Abstract
The intent of this work is to understand the influence of low energy discharge electric faults in mineral oil and synthetic esters on liquid degradation and gassing tendency at different aging conditions (based on acidity values). A low energy discharge electric fault has [...] Read more.
The intent of this work is to understand the influence of low energy discharge electric faults in mineral oil and synthetic esters on liquid degradation and gassing tendency at different aging conditions (based on acidity values). A low energy discharge electric fault has been created by continuous discharge of 9 kV for five hours on the liquid surface using a suitable laboratory setup. Liquid degradation is reported by adopting UV spectroscopy, turbidity, and particle counter measurements. The gassing tendency is understood by dissolved gas analysis using Duval’s triangle and Duval’s pentagon methods for mineral oil and non-mineral oils accordingly. It is observed that the influence of low energy discharges on liquid degradation is higher in mineral oils than synthetic esters. The fault gasses in mineral oil are involved with electrical and thermal faults accompanied by stray gassing whereas only partial discharge activity is noticed for synthetic esters. Importantly, the existence of low energy discharge faults like corona discharges will involve a generation of excess high molecular weight products as compared to low molecular weight products that are soluble in liquid volume. Full article
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