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Keywords = starch synthesis enzymes SSIII

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17 pages, 3478 KiB  
Review
The Structure, Function, and Regulation of Starch Synthesis Enzymes SSIII with Emphasis on Maize
by Guowu Yu, Yuanzhu Gaoyang, Lun Liu, Noman Shoaib, Yawen Deng, Na Zhang, Yangping Li and Yubi Huang
Agronomy 2022, 12(6), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061359 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6590
Abstract
Starch biosynthesis is a complex and highly controlled process that requires coordinated activities among multiple enzymes. Starch synthase III (SSIII) is the largest protein in the starch synthase complex and its function is to lengthen long-chain amylopectin in starch synthesis. It potentially affects [...] Read more.
Starch biosynthesis is a complex and highly controlled process that requires coordinated activities among multiple enzymes. Starch synthase III (SSIII) is the largest protein in the starch synthase complex and its function is to lengthen long-chain amylopectin in starch synthesis. It potentially affects the activity of other key enzymes in starch synthesis through protein–protein interactions; therefore, its function and regulation play a predominant role in starch synthesis. In this review, we summarized the main research of SSIII including its biochemical characteristics, structural features, expression atlas, and regulation means. Structural features and expressional analysis indicated that SSIIIa is the main functional protein in maize endosperm rather than SSIIIb-a and SSIIIb-b, even though they are similar in the tertiary structures. The regulation investigation of SSIIIa showed that there are 13 transcription factors that control the transcription of SSIIIa. Interaction network analysis showed that SSIIIa could be involved with ten other key enzymes in starch synthesis. In conclusion, this review considerably extends our understanding of SSIII and provides the theoretical basis for improving starch synthesis by SSIII in maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics)
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