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Keywords = side-blown smelting furnace

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17 pages, 14216 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Side-Blown Furnace: Effects of Air Injection and Nozzle Submerged Depth
by Peng Long, Zhuo Chen and Yan-Po Song
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1373; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071373 - 1 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1941
Abstract
The side-blown smelting process is becoming popular in the modern metallurgical industry due to its large potential for dealing with complex materials. To further enhance its efficiency, it is essential to comprehensively understand the complex gas–liquid flow behavior in the smelting bath. In [...] Read more.
The side-blown smelting process is becoming popular in the modern metallurgical industry due to its large potential for dealing with complex materials. To further enhance its efficiency, it is essential to comprehensively understand the complex gas–liquid flow behavior in the smelting bath. In this study, the volume-of-fluid method is employed to establish computational fluid dynamics modeling on a 1:5 scaled model of a side-blown furnace. The simulation was validated against the experimental results. Notably, the influences of the nozzle’s submerged depth, injection velocity, and angle were systematically investigated. The results show that increasing the injection velocity from 29.44 to 58.88 m/s resulted in 52.97%, 116.67%, 500.00%, and 5.88% increases in the interface area, liquid velocity, liquid turbulent kinetic energy, and gas penetration depth, respectively. The maximum gas–liquid interface area, gas penetration depth, velocity, and turbulence of the liquid were found at an injection angle of 30°. Furthermore, increasing the submerged depth increased the interface area and the velocity of the liquid but decreased the turbulent kinetic energy of the liquid. Overall, increasing the injection velocity is considered a more effective measure to strengthen the smelting intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Manufacturing and Low-Carbon Control of Mechanical and Electrical Products)
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25 pages, 8268 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Application of an Oxygen-Enriched Side-Blown Smelting Furnace for the Treatment of Electroplating Sludge
by Biwei Yang, Wei Liu, Fen Jiao, Lin Zhang, Wenqing Qin and Shanqin Jiang
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10721; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310721 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2084
Abstract
In the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace for the treatment of electroplating sludge, fluent was used to simulate the gas–liquid two-phase flow process. The relationship between the lance diameter, lance inclination, bath depth, and the bath evaluation indicators were studied, and the oxygen lance [...] Read more.
In the oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace for the treatment of electroplating sludge, fluent was used to simulate the gas–liquid two-phase flow process. The relationship between the lance diameter, lance inclination, bath depth, and the bath evaluation indicators were studied, and the oxygen lance spacing was optimized. The results show that the high velocity and high gas rate areas were near the oxygen lance, while the stirring dead zones with low velocity appeared in the central and bottom areas of the molten pool. The key parameters were optimized using single-factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive optimization. The results showed that the bath evaluation indicators were all at good levels under the optimal parameter conditions. These were comprehensively obtained as the following: the lance diameter was 25 mm, the lance inclination was 15°, the lance spacing was 1050 mm, and the bath depth was 1500 mm. The industrial test carried out in an environmental protection enterprise in Guangdong achieved satisfactory results. The test shows that the electroplating sludge containing 7.24% Cu can be melted at 1300~1400 °C to obtain matte. Compared with industrial copper slag, the smelting slag has a higher CaO and a lower Fe content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Technology for Metallurgy and Secondary Efficient Utilization of Polymetallic Mineral Resources)
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13 pages, 4263 KiB  
Article
Flow Field Study of Large Bottom-Blown Lead Smelting Furnace with Numerical Simulation
by Wenlong Xi, Liping Niu and Jinbo Song
Metals 2023, 13(6), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061131 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
In this paper, a large bottom-blown lead smelting furnace is studied by numerical simulation, the flow characteristics of different planes, monitoring points and molten pool regions are analysed, and a formula is established to predict the velocity distribution of molten pool in the [...] Read more.
In this paper, a large bottom-blown lead smelting furnace is studied by numerical simulation, the flow characteristics of different planes, monitoring points and molten pool regions are analysed, and a formula is established to predict the velocity distribution of molten pool in the bottom-blown furnace. The results show that the flow between two adjacent oxygen lances will influence each other and effectively reduce the existence of a low-velocity region. The high-velocity region at the liquid surface is mainly distributed above the bubble molten pool reaction region (BMRR), and the velocity is transmitted to the upper/lower sides. The wall shear stress is mainly distributed at the bottom and on the walls on both sides of the BMRR. The pre-stabilisation time of a bottom-blown furnace is 2 s, and the unstable state existing in the local region will not have a great influence on the overall flow field in the furnace. The distribution of the bubble plume and the high-velocity region overlaps under the free liquid surface, and their boundaries are basically consistent. The fitting effect of the velocity cumulative percentage curve and each point is very good. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Multiphase Transport Phenomena in Process Metallurgy)
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