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Keywords = saliva tracers

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17 pages, 2016 KiB  
Article
Determination of Gastric Water Emptying in Fasted and Fed State Conditions Using a Compression-Coated Tablet and Salivary Caffeine Kinetics
by Theodora Tzakri, Lara Rehenbrock, Stefan Senekowitsch, Adrian Rump, Philipp Schick, Julius Krause, Marie-Luise Kromrey, Michael Grimm and Werner Weitschies
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(11), 2584; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15112584 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5895
Abstract
Because of the importance of gastric emptying for pharmacokinetics, numerous methods have been developed for its determination. One of the methods is the salivary tracer technique, which utilizes an ice capsule containing caffeine as a salivary tracer. Despite the ice capsule’s advantage in [...] Read more.
Because of the importance of gastric emptying for pharmacokinetics, numerous methods have been developed for its determination. One of the methods is the salivary tracer technique, which utilizes an ice capsule containing caffeine as a salivary tracer. Despite the ice capsule’s advantage in labeling ingested fluids with caffeine for subsequent salivary detection, its risk of premature melting before swallowing, and its complicated storage and preparation, limit its application, particularly in special populations (e.g., older people). For this reason, here, a compression-coated tablet was developed and validated against the ice capsule in a cross-over clinical trial. The two dosage forms were administered simultaneously to 12 volunteers in an upright position under fasted and fed state conditions. To distinguish the caffeine concentrations in saliva from each dosage form, regular type of caffeine (12C) was added to the tablet, while for the ice capsule 13C3 labelled caffeine was used. The salivary caffeine concentrations showed no statistically significant differences for the pharmacokinetic parameters tmax and AUC0→60 (p > 0.05). Thus, the new formulation is a useful tool for determining gastric emptying that can also be used in special populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Biopharmaceutics)
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13 pages, 2591 KiB  
Article
Comparing Salivary Caffeine Kinetics of 13C and 12C Caffeine for Gastric Emptying of 50 mL Water
by Michael Grimm, Adrian Rump, Lisa Meilicke, Maximilian Feldmüller, Rebecca Keßler, Eberhard Scheuch, Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov and Werner Weitschies
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020328 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2528
Abstract
Gastric water emptying as a critical parameter for oral drug absorption can be investigated by several imaging techniques or by the interpretation of pharmacokinetics of appropriate substances. Recently introduced salivary caffeine kinetics is a valuable tool, but the required caffeine abstinence limits its [...] Read more.
Gastric water emptying as a critical parameter for oral drug absorption can be investigated by several imaging techniques or by the interpretation of pharmacokinetics of appropriate substances. Recently introduced salivary caffeine kinetics is a valuable tool, but the required caffeine abstinence limits its applicability. To avoid the caffeine abstinence, stable isotope-labeled caffeine might be used, but the representability and transferability of kinetics for evaluation of gastric emptying must be demonstrated. Thus, salivary caffeine pharmacokinetics were compared for naturally occurring 12C-caffeine and 13C3-caffeine after the administration of water under fasting conditions in six healthy young subjects. For this purpose, an ice capsule containing the two caffeine species was administered with 50 mL tap water. Gastric water emptying was simultaneously quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gastric emptying of 50 mL of water could be successfully evaluated. The salivary caffeine kinetics of 13C3- and 12C-caffeine were nearly congruent and showed good linear correlations in all subjects, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.96 in pooled data. Thus, the substitution of natural 12C caffeine with stable isotope-labeled 13C3-caffeine offers the opportunity for broader application of the salivary caffeine gastric emptying technique and increases the robustness of the method against environmental contamination with caffeine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biopharmaceutics)
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11 pages, 503 KiB  
Article
Diffusion of Vanadium Ions in Artificial Saliva and Its Elimination from the Oral Cavity by Pharmacological Compounds Present in Mouthwashes
by Sónia I. G. Fangaia, Ana M. T. D. P. V. Cabral, Pedro M. G. Nicolau, Fernando A. D. R. A. Guerra, M. Melia Rodrigo, Ana C. F. Ribeiro, Artur J. M. Valente and Miguel A. Esteso
Biomolecules 2022, 12(7), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12070947 - 6 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2326
Abstract
In this study, diffusion coefficients of ammonium vanadate at tracer concentrations in artificial saliva with and without sodium fluoride, at different pH values, were measured using an experimental model based on the Taylor dispersion technique. Ternary mutual diffusion coefficients (D11, [...] Read more.
In this study, diffusion coefficients of ammonium vanadate at tracer concentrations in artificial saliva with and without sodium fluoride, at different pH values, were measured using an experimental model based on the Taylor dispersion technique. Ternary mutual diffusion coefficients (D11, D22, D12, and D21) for four aqueous systems {NH4VO3 (component 1) + β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (component 2),} {NH4VO3 (component 1) + β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (component 2)}, {NH4VO3 (component 1) + sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (component 2)} and {NH4VO3 (component 1) + sodium hyaluronate (NaHy) (component 2)} at 25.00 °C were also measured by using the same technique. These data showed that diffusion of ammonium vanadate was strongly affected in all aqueous media studied. Furthermore, a significant coupled diffusion of this salt and β-CD was observed through the non-zero values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, D12, allowing us to conclude that there is a strong interaction between these two components. This finding is very promising considering the removal, from the oral cavity, of vanadium resulting from tribocorrosion of Ti-6Al-4V prosthetic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Release and Drug Delivery Systems)
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